Bauer J
Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2004 Aug;111(8):307-12.
The effects of mycotoxins are well known since antiquity. Modern trace analysis show the wide prevalence of mycotoxins in the food chain. Aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2), trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin), zearalenone, fumonisins (FB1, FB2) and ochratoxin A are the most important mycotoxins world wide. Foods of plant origin are normally contaminated more frequently and in higher concentrations than food of animal origin. The mean concentrations of mycotoxins analysed in European foods can be assed as low. This may be one reason why acute poisonings are rare incidences and why the limits of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels are exceeded only very seldom; however the population group "infant" exceed the preliminary TDI-level for trichothecenes. The consequences of a chronic intake of low amounts of mykotoxins is hardly to assess. A participation of the aflatoxins in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer is considered as certain. Other coherence between the dietary intake of mycotoxins and specific clinical symptoms of man are not convincingly shown till now.
自古以来，人们就深知霉菌毒素的危害。现代痕量分析表明，霉菌毒素在食物链中广泛存在。黄曲霉毒素（AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2）、单端孢霉烯族毒素（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素）、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素（FB1、FB2）和赭曲霉毒素A是全球最重要的霉菌毒素。植物源性食品通常比动物源性食品更容易受到污染，且污染浓度更高。欧洲食品中分析出的霉菌毒素平均浓度可以认为是较低的。这可能是急性中毒事件罕见以及每日耐受摄入量（TDI）水平极少被超过的原因之一；然而，“婴儿”群体超过了单端孢霉烯族毒素的初步TDI水平。长期摄入少量霉菌毒素的后果很难评估。黄曲霉毒素参与原发性肝癌的发病机制被认为是确定的。到目前为止，霉菌毒素的膳食摄入量与人类特定临床症状之间的其他关联尚未得到令人信服的证实。
