Tharion W J, Hoyt R W, Marlowe B E, Cymerman A
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA. 01760-5007.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1992 Feb;63(2):114-7.
The effects of exercise and high altitude (3,700 m to 4,300 m) on marksmanship accuracy and sighting time were quantified in 16 experienced marksmen. Subjects dry-fired a disabled rifle equipped with a laser-based system from a free-standing position. The 2.3-cm circular target was at a distance of 5 m. Marksmanship was assessed under the following conditions: 1) at rest at sea level; 2) immediately after a 21-km run/walk ascent from 1,800 m to 4,300 m elevation; 3) at rest during days 1 to 3 at altitude; 4) at rest during days 14 to 16 at altitude; and 5) immediately after a second ascent after 17 d at altitude. Exercise reduced marksmanship accuracy (p less than 0.05) but did not affect sighting time. Acute altitude exposure reduced marksmanship accuracy, and decreased sighting time (p less than 0.05). However, after residence at altitude, accuracy and sighting time at rest returned to sea level values. Exercise and acute altitude exposure had similar but independent detrimental effects on marksmanship.
对16名经验丰富的射手进行了量化研究，以探讨运动和高海拔（3700米至4300米）对射击精度和瞄准时间的影响。受试者从站立姿势使用配备激光系统的报废步枪进行空枪射击。2.3厘米的圆形靶标距离为5米。在以下条件下评估射击情况：1）海平面静止状态；2）从1800米海拔跑步/步行21公里上升至4300米海拔后立即进行射击；3）海拔高度下第1至3天的静止状态；4）海拔高度下第14至16天的静止状态；5）在海拔高度停留17天后再次上升后立即进行射击。运动降低了射击精度（p<0.05），但不影响瞄准时间。急性海拔暴露降低了射击精度，并缩短了瞄准时间（p<0.05）。然而，在海拔高度停留后，静止状态下的精度和瞄准时间恢复到海平面水平。运动和急性海拔暴露对射击有相似但独立的不利影响。
