Magalhães J, Oliveira J, Ascensão A, Soares J
Department of Sports Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Jun;44(2):119-25.
Muscular strength is one of the most important components of sport, both for high performance and for injury prevention. One of the most used methods to assess strength muscle balance between dominant (D)/non-dominant (ND) and antagonist/agonist is isokinetic testing. The main purpose of the present study was to describe and to compare isokinetic strength profiles (peak torque, bilateral strength differences between D/ND leg (BD) and hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio) in athletes of different sports and positional roles.
Twenty-eight elite volleyball players and 47 pro soccer players (goalkeepers, n = 5; full-backs, n = 7; defenders, n = 10; midfielders, n = 15; forwards, n = 10) were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex-System 2). Maximal gravity corrected concentric peak torque of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at angular velocities of 360 degrees x s(-1) (6.28 rad x s(-1)) and 90 degrees x s(-1) (1.57 rad x s(-1)).
No significant BD were found between soccer and volleyball players with exception of hamstrings at 90 degrees x s(-1) (soccer: 10.6 +/- 8.0% vs volleyball: 6.9 +/- 5.5%). The H/Q ratio was significantly lower in volleyball players at 90 degrees x s(-1) (D: soccer 57.4 +/- 6.7% vs volleyball 50.4 +/- 7.2%; ND: soccer: 56.1 +/- 8.2% vs volleyball: 50.5 +/- 6.4%). No significant differences were found for BD and H/Q ratio in soccer players of different positional roles.
In general, soccer and volleyball players do not seem to be different concerning BD although a significant difference was observed in hamstrings at 90 degrees x s(-1). Moreover, our data suggest that specific demands of these sports and the different positional roles in soccer did not induce bilateral leg imbalances. However, sport demands seem to influence isokinetic concentric H/Q ratio.
肌肉力量是体育运动中最重要的组成部分之一，无论是对于高水平表现还是预防损伤而言。评估优势（D）/非优势（ND）腿之间以及拮抗肌/主动肌之间力量平衡最常用的方法之一是等速测试。本研究的主要目的是描述和比较不同运动项目及不同位置角色的运动员的等速力量特征（峰值扭矩、D/ND腿之间的双侧力量差异（BD）以及腘绳肌/股四头肌（H/Q）比率）。
使用等速测力计（Biodex系统2）对28名精英排球运动员和47名职业足球运动员（守门员，n = 5；边后卫，n = 7；后卫，n = 10；中场球员，n = 15；前锋，n = 10）进行评估。在角速度为360度×秒⁻¹（6.28弧度×秒⁻¹）和90度×秒⁻¹（1.57弧度×秒⁻¹）时测量膝关节伸肌和屈肌的最大重力校正向心峰值扭矩。
除了在90度×秒⁻¹时的腘绳肌外，足球运动员和排球运动员之间未发现显著的BD差异（足球：10.6±8.0% 对排球：6.9±5.5%）。在90度×秒⁻¹时，排球运动员的H/Q比率显著更低（优势腿：足球57.4±6.7% 对排球50.4±7.2%；非优势腿：足球56.1±8.2% 对排球50.5±6.4%）。不同位置角色的足球运动员在BD和H/Q比率方面未发现显著差异。
总体而言，足球运动员和排球运动员在BD方面似乎没有差异，尽管在90度×秒⁻¹时腘绳肌存在显著差异。此外，我们的数据表明，这些运动的特定需求以及足球中不同的位置角色并未导致双侧腿部失衡。然而，运动需求似乎会影响等速向心H/Q比率。
