Peat Jennifer K, Mihrshahi Seema, Kemp Andrew S, Marks Guy B, Tovey Euan R, Webb Karen, Mellis Craig M, Leeder Stephen R
Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Oct;114(4):807-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.06.057.
Two factors thought to influence the risk of asthma are the promoting effect of sensitization to house dust mites and the preventive effect of increased omega-3 fatty acids. Although house dust mite allergen avoidance has been used as a preventive strategy in several trials, the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the primary prevention of asthma and allergic disease is not known.
To measure the effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and house dust mite allergen avoidance in children with a family history of asthma.
A total of 616 children at high risk of asthma were enrolled antenatally in a randomized controlled trial, and 526 children remained in the trial at age 3 years. The outcomes were symptoms of allergic disease and allergen sensitization.
There was a significant 10.0% (95% CI, 3.7-16.4) reduction in the prevalence of cough in atopic children in the active diet group ( P=.003; number needed to treat, 10) but a negligible 1.1% (95% CI, -7.1 to 9.5) reduction cough among nonatopic children. There was a 7.2% (95% CI, 10.11-14.3) reduction in sensitization to house dust mite in the active allergen avoidance group ( P=.05; number needed to treat, 14). No significant differences in wheeze were found with either intervention.
These results suggest that our interventions, designed to be used in simple public health campaigns, may have a role in preventing the development of allergic sensitization and airways disease in early childhood. This offers the prospect of reducing allergic disease in later life.
有两个因素被认为会影响哮喘风险，即对屋尘螨致敏的促进作用以及ω-3脂肪酸增加带来的预防作用。尽管在多项试验中已将避免接触屋尘螨过敏原作为一种预防策略，但ω-3脂肪酸补充剂在哮喘和过敏性疾病一级预防中的效果尚不清楚。
评估补充ω-3脂肪酸饮食及避免接触屋尘螨过敏原对有哮喘家族史儿童的影响。
共有616名哮喘高危儿童在产前被纳入一项随机对照试验，526名儿童在3岁时仍留在试验中。观察指标为过敏性疾病症状和过敏原致敏情况。
积极饮食组中特应性儿童咳嗽患病率显著降低10.0%（95%CI，3.7 - 16.4）（P = 0.003；需治疗人数为10），而非特应性儿童咳嗽患病率仅降低可忽略不计的1.1%（95%CI，-7.1至9.5）。积极避免接触过敏原组中对屋尘螨的致敏率降低了7.2%（95%CI，10.11 - 14.3）（P = 0.05；需治疗人数为14）。两种干预措施在喘息方面均未发现显著差异。
这些结果表明，我们设计用于简单公共卫生活动的干预措施，可能在预防幼儿期过敏性致敏和气道疾病的发展中发挥作用。这为降低日后生活中的过敏性疾病提供了前景。
