Neto J Andalaft, Oliveira-Filho R M, Simões M J, Soares J M, Kulay L
UNISA (Santo Amaro University), Medical School, Department of Obstetrics; São Paulo (Brazil).
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004;31(3):221-4.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is an analgesic-antipyretic drug virtually devoid of typical anti-inflammatory activity and hence free of some of the side-effects of aspirin and related agents (e.g. gastric erosion and bleeding complications). The worldwide use of paracetamol as a household analgesic, including during pregnancy, prompted us to investigate its potentially deleterious effects in that setting. Pregnant rats were treated with paracetamol (150, 500 or 1,500 mg/kg, once a day by gavage) from the first day up to term pregnancy. In the group treated with the lowest doses, no histological changes were noticed in maternal and fetal livers or kidneys when examined under light or electron microscopy. With the higher doses, however, various dose-dependent effects of paracetamol were observed, namely necrotic areas of the liver seen with light microscope and further confirmed by electron microscopy. The kidneys revealed degeneration and necrotic foci under light microscopy with ultrastructural derangements. Electronmicrographs of the liver revealed hepatocytes bearing translucent bodies as a consequence of a dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum. There were signs of necrosis both in the hepatocytes (lysis of mitochondria and presence of lipid droplets) and renal tissue (mitochondrial cytolysis in convoluted tubules). Our data point out the fact that both maternal and fetal tissues can be adversely affected by paracetamol.
对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）是一种解热镇痛药，几乎没有典型的抗炎活性，因此没有阿司匹林及相关药物的一些副作用（如胃糜烂和出血并发症）。扑热息痛在全球范围内作为家用镇痛药使用，包括在孕期使用，这促使我们研究其在这种情况下的潜在有害影响。从怀孕第一天到足月，给怀孕大鼠灌胃扑热息痛（150、500或1500毫克/千克，每天一次）。在接受最低剂量治疗的组中，在光学显微镜或电子显微镜检查时，母鼠和胎鼠的肝脏或肾脏未发现组织学变化。然而，使用较高剂量时，观察到扑热息痛有各种剂量依赖性效应，即在光学显微镜下可见肝脏的坏死区域，并通过电子显微镜进一步证实。肾脏在光学显微镜下显示退变和坏死灶，超微结构紊乱。肝脏的电子显微镜照片显示，由于滑面内质网扩张，肝细胞内出现半透明体。肝细胞（线粒体溶解和脂滴存在）和肾组织（曲管中的线粒体细胞溶解）均有坏死迹象。我们的数据指出了一个事实，即扑热息痛可对母鼠和胎鼠组织产生不利影响。
