Blum Janet Whatley, Beaudoin Christina M, Caton-Lemos Laurie
College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Maine, Gorham, Maine 04038-1032, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2004 Sep;8(3):163-9. doi: 10.1023/b:maci.0000037649.24025.2c.
To examine changes in activity prepregnancy to postpartum; examine postpartum activity and sociodemographic predictors of maternal well-being; and, examine maternal well-being in subjects on the basis of sport/exercise activity prepregnancy to postpartum.
Ninety-one postpartum women completed a Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) Ainsworth BE, Sternfeld B, Richardson MT, Jackson K. Evaluation of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32:1327-38. and the Lederman Postpartum Questionnaire (PPQ) Lederman RP, Weingarten CT, Lederman E. Postpartum self-evaluation questionaire: Measures of maternal adaptation. In: Raff BS, Carrol P, editors. Perinatal parental behaviour: Nursing research and implications for newborn health. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1981:201-31. Subjects recalled activity prepregnancy and postpartum for the KPAS indexes that included household/care giving (HC), active living habits (AL), occupation (0), and sports/exercise (SE). The PPQ has seven well-being subscales.
Subjects with older infants or no other children increased HC and decreased O prepregnancy to postpartum compared to subjects with younger infants or > or =1 other child. Predictors of the variance in the PPQ subscales included SE and AL (21% in subscale one), SE (6.0% in subscale two), HC (5.3% in subscale three), socioeconomic status (19.7% in subscale four), O (5.0% in subscale five), education (5.2% in subscale seven). Subjects who maintained or increased SE showed better well-being as compared to subjects who reported no SE or decreased SE prepregnancy to postpartum.
In this group of women, subjects with older infants or no other children reported higher HC and lower O prepregnancy to postpartum. Postpartum SE, education, and socioeconomic status were predictors of maternal well-being. In general, better maternal well-being was found among subjects maintaining or increasing SE compared to no SE or decreased SE prepregnancy to postpartum. Support from partner/husband, family, and friends were significant factors in maintaining or increasing SE.
研究孕前到产后的活动变化；探讨产后活动及社会人口学因素对产妇幸福感的预测作用；并根据孕前到产后的运动/锻炼活动情况，研究产妇的幸福感。
91名产后女性完成了凯泽体育活动调查问卷（KPAS）[安斯沃思BE、斯特恩菲尔德B、理查森MT、杰克逊K。女性凯泽体育活动调查问卷的评估。《医学与科学运动与锻炼》2000年；32:1327 - 38。]以及莱德曼产后问卷（PPQ）[莱德曼RP、温加滕CT、莱德曼E。产后自我评估问卷：产妇适应情况的测量。载于：拉夫BS、卡罗尔P主编。围产期父母行为：护理研究及其对新生儿健康的影响。纽约：艾伦·R·利斯出版社，1981年：201 - 31。]。受试者回忆孕前和产后在KPAS各项指标上的活动情况，这些指标包括家务/照料（HC）、积极生活习惯（AL）、职业（O）以及运动/锻炼（SE）。PPQ有七个幸福感子量表。
与婴儿较小或有≥1个其他孩子的受试者相比，婴儿较大或没有其他孩子的受试者从孕前到产后家务/照料活动增加，职业活动减少。PPQ子量表变异的预测因素包括运动/锻炼和积极生活习惯（在第一个子量表中占21%）、运动/锻炼（在第二个子量表中占6.0%）、家务/照料（在第三个子量表中占5.3%）、社会经济地位（在第四个子量表中占19.7%）、职业（在第五个子量表中占5.0%）、教育程度（在第七个子量表中占5.2%）。与孕前到产后运动/锻炼无变化或减少的受试者相比，维持或增加运动/锻炼水平的受试者幸福感更好。
在这组女性中，婴儿较大或没有其他孩子的受试者报告从孕前到产后家务/照料活动较多，职业活动较少。产后运动/锻炼、教育程度和社会经济地位是产妇幸福感的预测因素。总体而言，与孕前到产后运动/锻炼无变化或减少的受试者相比，维持或增加运动/锻炼水平的受试者产妇幸福感更好。伴侣/丈夫、家人和朋友的支持是维持或增加运动/锻炼水平的重要因素。
