Maïmoun L, Mariano-Goulart D, Couret I, Manetta J, Peruchon E, Micallef J P, Verdier R, Rossi M, Leroux J L
Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le Metabolisme Osseux (GRISMO), Montpellier, France.
J Sports Sci. 2004 Sep;22(9):875-83. doi: 10.1080/02640410410001716698.
Sports characterized by little or moderate weight bearing or impact have a low osteogenic effect. However, the action of such sports on bone turnover remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on bone remodelling of physical activities that induce moderate external loading on the skeleton. Thirty-eight male athletes aged 18-39 years (cyclists, n = 11; swimmers, n = 13; triathletes, n = 14) and 10 age-matched sedentary controls aged 22-35 years participated in the study. The study combined measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover assessment from specific biochemical markers: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide and calcium. Compared with the controls and swimmers, adjusted bone mineral density was higher (P < 0.05) in triathletes at the total proximal femur and lower limbs. No differences in bone mineral density were found between cyclists, swimmers and controls. Compared with controls, osteocalcin was higher (P < 0.05) in triathletes and swimmers and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide was higher in swimmers only. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was lower (P < 0.05) in cyclists than in all other groups. In conclusion, an osteogenic effect was found only in triathletes, mainly at bone sites under high mechanical stress. Bone turnover differed in athletes compared with controls, suggesting that bone turnover may be sport-practice dependent. Despite some encouraging observations, it was not possible to show that changes in the bone remodelling process were sport-discipline dependent.
以低负重或中等负重或冲击力为特点的运动对成骨的作用较低。然而，这类运动对骨转换的影响仍不清楚。本研究的目的是确定对骨骼施加中等外部负荷的体育活动对骨重塑的影响。38名年龄在18 - 39岁的男性运动员（自行车运动员，n = 11；游泳运动员，n = 13；铁人三项运动员，n = 14）和10名年龄匹配的22 - 35岁久坐不动的对照组人员参与了本研究。该研究结合了通过双能X线吸收法测量骨密度以及利用特定生化标志物进行骨转换评估：血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、尿I型胶原C末端肽和钙。与对照组和游泳运动员相比，铁人三项运动员股骨近端和下肢的调整后骨密度更高（P < 0.05）。自行车运动员、游泳运动员和对照组之间未发现骨密度差异。与对照组相比，铁人三项运动员和游泳运动员的骨钙素更高（P < 0.05），仅游泳运动员的尿I型胶原C末端肽更高。自行车运动员的血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶低于所有其他组（P < 0.05）。总之，仅在铁人三项运动员中发现了成骨作用，主要在承受高机械应力的骨部位。与对照组相比，运动员的骨转换有所不同，表明骨转换可能取决于运动项目。尽管有一些令人鼓舞的观察结果，但无法表明骨重塑过程的变化取决于运动项目。
