Delsmann Maximilian M, Stürznickel Julian, Amling Michael, Ueblacker Peter, Rolvien Tim
Institut für Osteologie und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Praxis für Orthopädie und Sportmedizin, München, Deutschland.
Orthopade. 2021 Sep;50(9):700-712. doi: 10.1007/s00132-021-04072-1. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Laboratory diagnostics represent a valuable tool for the optimization and assessment of the performance and regeneration ability in professional athletes. Blood parameters play an important role in the prevention, diagnosis and rehabilitation of injuries and physical overload.
The aim of this article is to present an overview of musculoskeletal laboratory parameters and to provide relevant information for the medical care of competitive athletes.
Literature search and narrative review.
The laboratory assessment of bone metabolism includes vitamin D, calcium and bone turnover and aims to provide a preventive benefit with respect to skeletal complications (e.g., to minimize the risk of bone stress injuries). In addition, muscular serum markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can be used to monitor metabolic adaptation to physical exercise and to obtain information about the muscular workload and potential damage. The energy availability can be estimated and optimized by appropriate balancing and laboratory determination of macro- and micronutrients.
Laboratory diagnostics have a clinical relevance across different sport disciplines. They are intended to support athletes and medical staff on their way to the highest possible performance and help to ensure the optimal prevention of bone and muscle injuries. Parameters with deficiency results (e.g., vitamin D) should be adequately compensated. A periodization of the laboratory tests, with at least two tests per year, and the establishment of individual variability and reference ranges can improve the assessment.
实验室诊断是优化和评估职业运动员的运动表现及恢复能力的一项重要工具。血液参数在损伤和身体负荷的预防、诊断及康复过程中发挥着重要作用。
本文旨在概述肌肉骨骼实验室参数，并为竞技运动员的医疗护理提供相关信息。
文献检索与叙述性综述。
骨代谢的实验室评估包括维生素D、钙和骨转换，其目的是预防骨骼并发症（例如，将应力性骨损伤风险降至最低）。此外，肌肉血清标志物，如乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌红蛋白和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），可用于监测对体育锻炼的代谢适应情况，并获取有关肌肉工作量和潜在损伤的信息。通过适当平衡和实验室测定常量营养素和微量营养素，可以估算并优化能量供应。
实验室诊断在不同体育项目中均具有临床意义。其目的是支持运动员和医务人员追求尽可能高的运动表现，并有助于确保最佳的骨骼和肌肉损伤预防效果。对缺乏的参数（如维生素D）应进行适当补充。实验室检测应定期进行，每年至少两次，并建立个体差异和参考范围，以改善评估效果。
