Mar Therese F, Larson Timothy V, Stier Robert A, Claiborn Candis, Koenig Jane Q
Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Inhal Toxicol. 2004 Dec 1;16(13):809-15. doi: 10.1080/08958370490506646.
The association between respiratory symptoms and ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been the focus of several panel studies. The majority of studies focused only on PM10, were conducted for relatively short periods, reported peak flow data, and involved children with asthma. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effect of particulate matter of various size fractions (PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and PM coarse fraction) on respiratory symptoms in both adults and children with asthma monitored over many months. Daily diary data on respiratory symptoms and medication use were collected. Air pollution data were collected by the local air agency and Washington State University. Data were collected in Spokane, WA, a semiarid city with diverse sources of particulate matter, including motor vehicles, woodstoves, agricultural burning, resuspended road dust, and dust storms. Sixteen adults and nine children living in Spokane participated in the study. The majority of adult subjects participated for over 1 yr and the children were studied for over 8 mo. In the children, we found a strong association between cough and PM10, PM2.5, PM coarse fraction, and PM1.0(p < .05). Sputum production and runny nose were associated with PM10and coarse fraction. However, no association was found between the presence of any respiratory symptom any PM metric in the adult subjects. These positive associations between various metrics of PM and respiratory symptoms in children suggest that children are more sensitive than adults to the effects of increased levels of PM air pollution or that the central site monitor was more representative for children who spend more time outdoors than adults. These findings also suggest that both larger and smaller particles can aggravate asthma symptoms.
呼吸道症状与颗粒物（PM）空气污染环境水平之间的关联一直是多项专题研究的重点。大多数研究仅关注PM10，研究周期相对较短，报告了峰值流量数据，且研究对象为哮喘儿童。我们研究的目的是评估不同粒径颗粒物（PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0和粗颗粒物）对哮喘成人和儿童呼吸道症状的影响，研究时间长达数月。收集了关于呼吸道症状和药物使用的每日日记数据。空气污染数据由当地空气监测机构和华盛顿州立大学收集。数据收集地点为华盛顿州斯波坎市，这是一个半干旱城市，颗粒物来源多样，包括机动车、木炉、农业焚烧、道路扬尘再悬浮以及沙尘暴。16名居住在斯波坎市的成年人和9名儿童参与了该研究。大多数成年受试者参与研究超过1年，儿童参与研究超过8个月。在儿童中，我们发现咳嗽与PM10、PM2.5、粗颗粒物和PM1.0之间存在强关联（p < .05）。咳痰和流鼻涕与PM10和粗颗粒物有关。然而，在成年受试者中，未发现任何呼吸道症状与任何PM指标之间存在关联。儿童中PM的各种指标与呼吸道症状之间的这些正相关表明，儿童比成年人对PM空气污染水平升高的影响更敏感，或者中心站点监测器对户外活动时间比成年人更长的儿童更具代表性。这些发现还表明，较大和较小的颗粒都可加重哮喘症状。
