Ridderinkhof K Richard, van den Wildenberg Wery P M, Segalowitz Sidney J, Carter Cameron S
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brain Cogn. 2004 Nov;56(2):129-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.016.
Convergent evidence highlights the differential contributions of various regions of the prefrontal cortex in the service of cognitive control, but little is understood about how the brain determines and communicates the need to recruit cognitive control, and how such signals instigate the implementation of appropriate performance adjustments. Here we review recent progress from cognitive neuroscience in examining some of the main constituent processes of cognitive control as involved in dynamic decision making: goal-directed action selection, response activation and inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning. Medial frontal cortex is found to be involved in performance monitoring: evaluating outcome vis-a-vis expectancy, and detecting performance errors or conflicting response tendencies. Lateral and orbitofrontal divisions of prefrontal cortex are involved in subsequently implementing appropriate adjustments.
越来越多的证据表明，前额叶皮层的不同区域在认知控制中发挥着不同作用，但对于大脑如何确定并传达招募认知控制的需求，以及这些信号如何促使实施适当的行为调整，我们了解甚少。在此，我们回顾认知神经科学在研究动态决策中涉及的一些认知控制主要组成过程方面的最新进展：目标导向的行动选择、反应激活与抑制、行为监测以及基于奖励的学习。内侧额叶皮层被发现参与行为监测：根据预期评估结果，并检测行为错误或相互冲突的反应倾向。前额叶皮层的外侧和眶额部分随后参与实施适当的调整。
