Han Ying, Ciuffreda Kenneth J, Kapoor Neera
Department of Vision Sciences, Raymond J. Greenwald Rehabilitation Center, SUNY/State College of Optometry, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, USA.
Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2004 Nov;14(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2004.06.002.
Many individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) report reading problems of oculomotor origin. These may include frequent loss of place, skipping of lines and difficulty shifting to the next line of print. We describe two protocols for the testing and training of reading-related eye movements in adult individuals with ABI (traumatic brain injury [TBI] and stroke with hemianopia), who experience oculomotor-based symptoms when reading. These protocols use objective eye movement recording techniques and computer-based stimulus presentation and analysis. One protocol tests and the other trains basic horizontal and vertical versional eye movements (fixation, saccades and pursuit), as well as reading eye movements using simulated single and multiple line dynamic arrays. In addition, a reading rating-scale questionnaire is administered before and after completion of training to assess subjective reading improvement. In all paradigms, the target consists of a 0.5 degrees luminous square, which is displayed on a computer monitor positioned 40 cm from the subject along the midline. All testing and training are conducted under binocular viewing conditions with optical correction in place. There are two modes of training: normal internal oculomotor visual feedback either alone (4 weeks) or in conjunction with external oculomotor auditory feedback (4 weeks) administered in a counterbalanced manner within each diagnostic group. Training is performed 1 h, twice weekly for the 8 weeks. Oculomotor testing is conducted before, midway and after training. Following training, reading-related eye movements and reading ability improved as assessed both subjectively and objectively. These protocols provide a systematic approach to the quantitative and comprehensive testing and training of reading-related eye movement skills and behaviors in the ABI population manifesting oculomotor-based reading dysfunctions. Furthermore, the training protocol results in the rapid remediation of the eye movement deficits, which appear to transfer to activities of daily living.
许多获得性脑损伤（ABI）患者报告存在动眼神经源性阅读问题。这些问题可能包括频繁的位置丢失、跳行以及难以切换到下一行文字。我们描述了两种针对患有ABI（创伤性脑损伤[TBI]和伴有偏盲的中风）的成年患者进行与阅读相关眼动测试和训练的方案，这些患者在阅读时会出现基于动眼神经的症状。这些方案使用客观眼动记录技术以及基于计算机的刺激呈现和分析。一种方案用于测试，另一种用于训练基本的水平和垂直版本眼动（注视、扫视和追随），以及使用模拟单行和多行动态阵列的阅读眼动。此外，在训练前后会发放一份阅读评分量表问卷，以评估主观阅读改善情况。在所有范式中，目标是一个0.5度的发光正方形，显示在距离受试者中线40厘米处的计算机显示器上。所有测试和训练均在双眼视觉条件下进行，并进行光学矫正。有两种训练模式：单独的正常内部动眼神经视觉反馈（4周）或与外部动眼神经听觉反馈相结合（4周），在每个诊断组内以平衡的方式进行。训练为期8周，每周两次，每次1小时。在训练前、训练中期和训练后进行动眼神经测试。训练后，主观和客观评估均显示与阅读相关的眼动和阅读能力有所改善。这些方案为定量和全面测试及训练ABI人群中表现出基于动眼神经的阅读功能障碍的与阅读相关的眼动技能和行为提供了一种系统方法。此外，训练方案能快速纠正眼动缺陷，且这些缺陷似乎能迁移到日常生活活动中。
