Solecki Leszek
Zakładu Fizycznych Szkodliwości Zawodowych, Instytutu Medycyny Wsi im. W. Chodźki w Lublinie.
Med Pr. 2004;55(2):175-82.
In agriculture noise is the most frequent hazard, but until now very poorly recognized. It affects the hearing organ in private farmers. Because of a great variety of machines used on farms and a changing magnitude of exposure to noise, this agent has to be studied over the whole annual cycle. The aim of the study was to recognize and evaluate annual exposure to noise among private farmers engaged in plant production.
The study covered 17 family farms with arable land, ranging from 10 to 50 ha (mean, 22.3 ha). They were equipped with agricultural tractors and a set of agricultural accessories, wood-cutting saws, self-propelled and workshop machines. Based on detailed time-schedule records of agricultural activities and dosimetric measurements conducted during the whole year, two acoustic parameters were determined, total monthly exposure and equivalent daily exposure.
The study showed that the highest values of the total monthly exposure to noise (E(A,T)) occurred in the summer-autumn (July, September, October) and winter (December, January) seasons. During the former, the degree of noise load among farmers was directly associated with intensity of field works and transport activities, whereas during the latter with the frequency of using wood-cutting machines and repair activities. The calculated mean equivalent daily exposure to noise revealed the highest values in two months, December (6.01 Pa2 h) and September (5.51 Pa2 h), and the lowest values were observed in the other months (3.67-4.28 Pa2 h). The mean value for the whole year was 4.35 Pa2 h (the standard was exceeded by 4.4 times).
The study showed that the mean annual noise load among farmers engaged in plant production was characterized by the level equal to 91.3 dB-A with the highest hearing risk in December and September. In those two months, maximum allowable exposure to noise was exceeded by six times (E(A,8h)). Owing to the precision of the obtained values and their strong uniformity, they may be used in practice by relevant services to evaluate the degree of noise risk among private farmers engaged in plant production.
在农业领域，噪音是最常见的危害，但迄今为止人们对此认识不足。它会影响个体农户的听觉器官。由于农场使用的机器种类繁多以及噪音暴露程度不断变化，必须在全年周期内对这种因素进行研究。本研究的目的是识别和评估从事植物生产的个体农户的年度噪音暴露情况。
该研究涵盖了17个拥有耕地的家庭农场，耕地面积从10公顷到50公顷不等（平均为22.3公顷）。这些农场配备了农用拖拉机及一套农具、伐木锯、自行式机械和车间机械。基于全年详细的农业活动时间表记录和剂量测量，确定了两个声学参数，即每月总暴露量和等效日暴露量。
研究表明，每月噪音总暴露量（E(A,T)）的最高值出现在夏秋（7月、9月、10月）和冬季（12月、1月）季节。在前一个季节，农民的噪音负荷程度与田间作业和运输活动的强度直接相关，而在后一个季节则与使用伐木机械和维修活动的频率相关。计算得出的平均等效日噪音暴露量在12月（6.01 Pa2 h）和9月（5.51 Pa2 h）这两个月中最高，其他月份则最低（3.67 - 4.28 Pa2 h）。全年平均值为4.35 Pa2 h（超出标准4.4倍）。
研究表明，从事植物生产的农民的年平均噪音负荷水平为91.3 dB - A，12月和9月的听力风险最高。在这两个月中，噪音最大允许暴露量超出了六倍（E(A,8h)）。由于所获数值的精确性及其高度一致性，相关部门在实际工作中可利用这些数值评估从事植物生产的个体农户的噪音风险程度。
