Bywater R J
Bywater Consultancy, Clungunford, Shropshire, UK.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004 Oct-Nov;51(8-9):361-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00791.x.
Antimicrobials are essential for treatment of sick animals, but even if used correctly, may eventually lead to antimicrobial resistance. While this represents a potential hazard to humans, the great majority of resistant human pathogens, especially the more important ones, are unrelated to animal sources. A survey of informed medical opinion suggested that of the human antimicrobial resistance problem, <4% was seen as potentially linked to animal sources. This proportion related largely to zoonotic bacteria which by definition have the capacity to carry resistance between species, although the evidence for resulting harm remains limited. A recent study compared resistance among chicken, pig and cattle isolates of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli from a series of EU countries. When tested against antimicrobial agents, this survey showed variation of resistance between countries, between hosts and between organisms. Such variation may give insight into preferred methods of antimicrobial administration or disease control, but it is clear that the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance induction and dissemination in animals remains complex and is yet to be fully understood.
抗菌药物对于患病动物的治疗至关重要，但即便正确使用，最终也可能导致抗菌药物耐药性。虽然这对人类构成潜在危害，但绝大多数耐药的人类病原体，尤其是更重要的那些，与动物来源无关。一项针对专业医学意见的调查表明，在人类抗菌药物耐药性问题中，被认为可能与动物来源有关的不到4%。这一比例主要与人畜共患病细菌有关，根据定义，这些细菌有能力在物种间传播耐药性，不过由此造成危害的证据仍然有限。最近一项研究比较了一系列欧盟国家鸡、猪和牛所分离出的沙门氏菌属、弯曲杆菌属和大肠杆菌的耐药性。在对抗菌药物进行测试时，这项调查显示了不同国家、不同宿主以及不同生物体之间耐药性的差异。这种差异可能有助于深入了解抗菌药物的首选给药方法或疾病控制方法，但很明显，动物中抗菌药物耐药性的诱导和传播流行病学仍然很复杂，尚未得到充分了解。
