Kapena Munsanda Susan, Muma John Bwalya, Mubita Charles Miyanda, Munyeme Musso
Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and livestock, Chibombo District Veterinary Offices, Central Province, Zambia.
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Vet World. 2020 Nov;13(11):2528-2533. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2528-2533. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a serious cross-cutting global public health emergency. At the center of this emergency, foods of animal origin have particularly been singled out as possible drivers despite the paucity of information. This study has been formulated to provide answers to the identified critical gaps in the food safety industry and the public health sphere. In particular, this study was undertaken to investigate the AMR of and in raw retail table eggs in Lusaka, Zambia.
Accordingly, a cross-sectional study to determine antibiotic susceptibility of and from raw retail table eggs was undertaken. Standard bacteriological methods involving culture and phenotypic characterization were applied. A total of 1080 raw table eggs pooled into composite samples (five eggs per composite sample) translating into 216 distinct and independently identifiable compounded sample units were collected from randomly selected supermarkets and open markets over 4 months (August 2018-November 2018). The eggs were screened for the presence of and within 24 h of sample collection by standard microbiological methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a panel of nine different antibiotics.
A total of 216 pooled egg samples were analyzed at two levels of contamination, (i) eggshell and (ii) egg content. From the eggshell, five compounded samples were positive for spp. representing 2.31% (5/216), while 34.26% (74/216) were positive for . On the other hand, samples from egg contents were negative for and . Eggshells were more likely to be contaminated by compared to the egg content (χ=20.95, p<0.0001). Imipenem was 100% effective against isolates. With , high resistance was seen in 80% against tetracycline (TE) and 60% to ampicillin (AMP). showed 94.6% resistance to colistin sulfate, 83.8% resistance to TE, and 59.5% resistance to AMP.
Overall, this study has been able to demonstrate the presence of and outside and inside table eggs in Zambia. It has also shown the resistance of identified isolates which poses a serious public health concern given the consumption patterns of these table eggs.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）已成为一个严重的、影响广泛的全球公共卫生紧急情况。在这一紧急情况的核心，尽管信息匮乏，但动物源性食品尤其被视为可能的驱动因素。本研究旨在填补食品安全行业和公共卫生领域已识别的关键空白。具体而言，本研究旨在调查赞比亚卢萨卡市零售生食用蛋中[具体两种细菌名称未给出]的抗菌药物耐药性。
相应地，开展了一项横断面研究，以确定零售生食用蛋中[具体两种细菌名称未给出]的抗生素敏感性。采用了包括培养和表型特征分析的标准细菌学方法。在4个月（2018年8月至2018年11月）期间，从随机选择的超市和露天市场收集了总共1080个生食用蛋，合并为复合样本（每个复合样本5个蛋），即216个不同的、可独立识别的复合样本单元。在样本采集后24小时内，通过标准微生物学方法对鸡蛋进行[具体两种细菌名称未给出]检测。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散技术，使用一组9种不同抗生素进行抗菌药物敏感性测试。
共对216个合并的鸡蛋样本在两个污染水平进行了分析，即（i）蛋壳和（ii）蛋内容物。在蛋壳上，5个复合样本[具体细菌名称未给出]呈阳性，占2.31%（5/216），而[另一种细菌名称未给出]呈阳性的占34.26%（74/216）。另一方面，蛋内容物样本中[具体两种细菌名称未给出]均为阴性。与蛋内容物相比，蛋壳更易被[具体细菌名称未给出]污染（χ=20.95，p<0.0001）。亚胺培南对[具体细菌名称未给出]分离株的有效率为100%。对于[另一种细菌名称未给出]，80%对四环素（TE）耐药，60%对氨苄西林（AMP）耐药。[具体细菌名称未给出]对硫酸多粘菌素的耐药率为94.6%，对TE的耐药率为83.8%，对AMP的耐药率为59.5%。
总体而言，本研究已证实赞比亚食用蛋的蛋壳内外均存在[具体两种细菌名称未给出]。鉴于这些食用蛋的消费模式，研究还显示了已识别分离株的耐药性，这引发了严重的公共卫生问题。
