Galarce Nicolás, Arriagada Gabriel, Sánchez Fernando, Escobar Beatriz, Miranda Mauricio, Matus Sofía, Vilches Rocío, Varela Camila, Zelaya Carlos, Peralta Josefa, Paredes-Osses Esteban, González-Rocha Gerardo, Lapierre Lisette
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Aug 16;10:1233127. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233127. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to animal and public health worldwide; consequently, several AMR surveillances programs have been implemented internationally in both human and veterinary medicine, including indicator bacteria such as . However, companion animals are not typically included in these surveillance programs. Nevertheless, there have been reports of increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in strains isolated from dogs worldwide. In Chile, there is limited information available on AMR in isolated from companion animals, which prevents the establishment of objective prevention and control measures.
For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR of strains isolated from healthy household dogs in Chile. For this purpose, a multi-stage sampling was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, obtaining samples from 600 healthy dogs. These samples were processed using traditional bacteriology and molecular techniques to isolate strains. We assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration of 17 antimicrobials and conducted a search of six antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as class 1 and 2 integrons, in the isolated strains.
Two-hundred and twenty-four strains of were recovered, and 96.9% ( = 217) showed resistance to at least one drug and only 3.1% ( = 7) were susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobials. Most strains were resistant to cefalexin (91.5%, = 205, 1st-generation cephalosporin), followed by ampicillin (68.3%, = 153) and cefpodoxime (31.3%, = 70, 3rd-generation cephalosporin). Moreover, 24.1% ( = 54) tested positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamases and 34.4% ( = 77) were multidrug resistant. As for the AMR genes, the most detected was (28.1%, = 63), followed by (22.3%, = 50), and (19.6%, = 44). Additionally, 16.1% ( = 36) harbored class 1 integrons. Our study shows that strains isolated from healthy household dogs exhibit resistance to several relevant drugs and also antimicrobial resistance genes considered critical for human health. These results can be used as a starting point for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals. This background should be considered when formulating future resistance surveillance programs or control plans in which companion animals must be included.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是全球动物和公共卫生面临的重大威胁；因此，国际上已在人类和兽医学领域实施了多项AMR监测计划，包括对指示菌等的监测。然而，伴侣动物通常未被纳入这些监测计划。尽管如此，全球范围内已有报道称从狗身上分离出的菌株的抗菌药物耐药性水平在上升。在智利，关于从伴侣动物中分离出的菌株的AMR信息有限，这阻碍了制定客观的预防和控制措施。
因此，本研究的目的是对从智利健康家养犬中分离出的菌株的表型和基因型AMR进行特征分析。为此，在智利首都大区进行了多阶段抽样，从600只健康犬中获取样本。使用传统细菌学和分子技术对这些样本进行处理以分离菌株。我们评估了17种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度，并在分离出的菌株中搜索了6种抗菌药物耐药基因以及1类和2类整合子。
共分离出224株菌株，96.9%（n = 217）对至少一种药物耐药，只有3.1%（n = 7）对所有分析的抗菌药物敏感。大多数菌株对头孢氨苄耐药（91.5%，n = 205，第一代头孢菌素），其次是氨苄西林（68.3%，n =
