MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Nov 5;53(43):1012-5.
Annual influenza vaccination of the U.S. elderly population has been demonstrated as safe and effective in reducing the risks of illness, hospitalization, and death. The Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) has measured annual influenza vaccination rates since 1991; the latest data available are for the 2001-02 influenza season. Since 1996, self-reported reasons for not receiving influenza vaccine also have been measured. During 1991-2002, MCBS indicated a steady upward trend in vaccination coverage among Medicare beneficiaries, with the exception of the 2000-01 influenza season, when vaccine distribution was delayed. The most frequently cited reasons for not receiving influenza vaccine were 1) not knowing that influenza vaccination was needed and 2) concerns that vaccination might cause influenza or side effects. During the 2000-01 influenza season, vaccine shortage or unavailability was noted for the first time as an important reason for nonvaccination. Further efforts are needed to educate the elderly regarding the benefits of influenza vaccination and to address any concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine.
美国老年人群每年接种流感疫苗已被证明在降低患病、住院和死亡风险方面是安全有效的。医疗保险当前受益人调查（MCBS）自1991年起开始统计年度流感疫苗接种率；最新数据是2001 - 2002流感季的。自1996年起，还统计了未接种流感疫苗的自我报告原因。在1991 - 2002年期间，MCBS显示医疗保险受益人的疫苗接种覆盖率呈稳步上升趋势，但2000 - 2001流感季除外，当时疫苗分发出现延迟。未接种流感疫苗最常被提及的原因是：1）不知道需要接种流感疫苗；2）担心接种疫苗可能会引发流感或产生副作用。在2000 - 2001流感季，首次注意到疫苗短缺或无法获取是未接种疫苗的一个重要原因。需要进一步努力，让老年人了解流感疫苗接种的益处，并消除他们对疫苗安全性的任何担忧。
