Gaipl Udo S, Franz Sandra, Voll Reinhard E, Sheriff Ahmed, Kalden Joachim R, Herrmann Martin
Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 4a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2004 Dec;6(6):401-7. doi: 10.1007/s11926-004-0016-1.
The fast and efficient uptake of dying cells is of main importance to prevent contact of the immune system with intracellular autoantigens. Insufficient clearance of the latter is discussed to drive the humoral autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Many adaptor molecules and receptors are involved in the recognition of dying cells. In this paper we focus on the involvement of phosphatidylserine, glycoproteins, and complement and DNaseI in the clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells, respectively. Furthermore, extracellular danger signals released from necrotic cells are discussed and the uptake process of primary necrotic cells is investigated in detail. Last but not least, the character and origin of clearance defects observed in some systemic lupus erythematosus patients is presented.
快速有效地摄取死亡细胞对于防止免疫系统与细胞内自身抗原接触至关重要。据认为，后者清除不足会引发系统性红斑狼疮中的体液自身免疫反应。许多衔接分子和受体参与了对死亡细胞的识别。在本文中，我们分别重点关注磷脂酰丝氨酸、糖蛋白、补体和DNaseI在凋亡细胞和坏死细胞清除中的作用。此外，还讨论了坏死细胞释放的细胞外危险信号，并详细研究了原发性坏死细胞的摄取过程。最后但同样重要的是，介绍了在一些系统性红斑狼疮患者中观察到的清除缺陷的特征和起源。
