Chaaya M, Jabbour S, El-Roueiheb Z, Chemaitelly H
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Addict Behav. 2004 Dec;29(9):1821-31. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.04.008.
Currently, little is known about argileh (water pipe or hubble-bubble) and cigarette smoking among pregnant women in the Arab world, despite emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of argileh smoking and well-established knowledge about the health risks of cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
The present study assesses pregnant Arab women's knowledge of chemical contents and related harmful effects of argileh and cigarettes, their attitudes towards smoking argileh and cigarettes, and their actual smoking of argileh and cigarettes, both before and during pregnancy.
A stratified sample of 864 women from 23 health care centers in Lebanon completed a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information was collected on basic demographic variables, women's knowledge, attitudes, and cigarette and argileh smoking.
Women were partially knowledgeable about the health risks of cigarette smoking, knew little about the harmful ingredients of argileh smoking, and had many misconceptions regarding how argileh worked or how it can produce harm. Attitudes were permissive towards all forms of smoking. Almost one quarter (23%) of participants reported smoking during pregnancy, with 17% smoking only cigarettes, 4% smoking only argileh, and 1.5% smoking both cigarette and argileh.
A significant and growing percentage of pregnant Arab women are smoking in Lebanon, with four cigarette smokers for every argileh smoker. Smoking behaviors are empirically linked with important gaps in knowledge and with permissive attitudes. These data may be used to design more effective prevention programs targeting this vulnerable population.
目前，尽管有新证据表明吸食水烟对健康有不良影响，且人们对孕期吸烟的健康风险已有充分认识，但对于阿拉伯世界孕妇吸食水烟（水烟筒）和香烟的情况却知之甚少。
本研究评估了阿拉伯孕妇在怀孕前及孕期对水烟和香烟化学成分及其相关有害影响的了解程度、她们对吸食水烟和香烟的态度，以及她们实际吸食水烟和香烟的情况。
从黎巴嫩23个医疗保健中心抽取864名妇女作为分层样本，她们完成了一份由访谈员进行的结构化问卷。收集了基本人口统计学变量、妇女的知识、态度以及吸烟和吸水烟情况等信息。
妇女对吸烟的健康风险有一定了解，但对吸水烟的有害成分知之甚少，并且对水烟的工作原理或其如何产生危害存在许多误解。对所有形式的吸烟态度都较为宽容。近四分之一（23%）的参与者报告在孕期吸烟，其中17%只吸香烟，4%只吸水烟，1.5%既吸香烟又吸水烟。
在黎巴嫩，吸烟的阿拉伯孕妇比例显著且不断增加，吸香烟者与吸水烟者的比例为4比1。吸烟行为与知识上的重大差距以及宽容态度在经验上存在关联。这些数据可用于设计针对这一弱势群体的更有效的预防方案。
