Blake Susan M, Ledsky Rebecca A, Sawyer Richard J, Goodenow Carol, Banspach Stephen, Lohrmann David K, Hack Tim
The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Prev Med. 2005 Feb;40(2):239-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.05.028.
This study evaluated the extent to which school districts in Massachusetts adopted HIV education policies consistent with state education agency recommendations, and whether adoption of state-recommended policy language was associated with other core components of school-based HIV prevention programs such as staff development, curriculum, and implementation characteristics.
A census of health coordinators (n = 251) and high school HIV teachers (n = 174) in randomly selected schools in Massachusetts were surveyed. Chi-squares and analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were used to analyze data.
Most districts' policies fully incorporated state-recommended language for training HIV teachers (62%), providing HIV education within comprehensive sexuality education (62%), and providing skills-based instruction (57%). Districts adopting state-recommended policies were significantly more likely to have trained more HIV teachers (82% vs. 59% of teachers trained; P < 0.001), provided HIV education to a greater percentage of students (90% vs. 50% of students educated; P < 0.001), and adopted research-based curricula (44% vs. 27%; P < 0.01). High school teachers who received training and those using research-based curricula covered more HIV prevention topics and used more skills-based instructional methods than those who did not receive training or did not use research-based curricula (P < 0.01).
Results suggest that strong, state-level HIV prevention education policy recommendations can help shape local school health policy and, when adopted locally, can positively influence the reach and quality of HIV education.
本研究评估了马萨诸塞州各学区采用符合州教育机构建议的艾滋病病毒教育政策的程度，以及采用州推荐的政策措辞是否与学校艾滋病病毒预防项目的其他核心组成部分相关，如师资培训、课程设置和实施特点。
对马萨诸塞州随机抽取学校中的健康协调员（n = 251）和高中艾滋病病毒教师（n = 174）进行普查。采用卡方检验和方差分析（ANOVA）对数据进行分析。
大多数地区的政策充分纳入了州推荐的关于培训艾滋病病毒教师（62%）、在综合性性教育中提供艾滋病病毒教育（62%）以及提供基于技能的教学（57%）的措辞。采用州推荐政策的地区更有可能培训了更多的艾滋病病毒教师（82%的教师接受了培训，而未采用政策地区为59%；P < 0.001），为更大比例的学生提供了艾滋病病毒教育（90%的学生接受了教育，而未采用政策地区为50%；P < 0.001），并采用了基于研究的课程（44% vs. 27%；P < 0.01）。接受培训的高中教师和使用基于研究的课程的教师比未接受培训或未使用基于研究的课程的教师涵盖了更多的艾滋病病毒预防主题，并使用了更多基于技能的教学方法（P < 0.01）。
结果表明，强有力的州级艾滋病病毒预防教育政策建议有助于塑造地方学校卫生政策，并且在地方采用时，可以对艾滋病病毒教育的覆盖范围和质量产生积极影响。
