Mignon-Grasteau Sandrine, David Jean, Gibert Patricia, Legout Hélène, Pétavy Georges, Moreteau Brigitte, Beaumont Catherine
Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
J Genet. 2004 Aug;83(2):163-70. doi: 10.1007/BF02729893.
Restricted maximum likelihood was used to estimate genetic parameters of male and female wing and thorax length in isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster, and results compared to estimates obtained earlier with the classical analysis of variance approach. As parents within an isofemale line were unknown, a total of 500 parental pedigrees were simulated and mean estimates computed. Full and half sibs were distinguished, in contrast to usual isofemale studies in which animals were all treated as half sibs and hence heritability was overestimated. Heritability was thus estimated at 0.33, 0.38, 0.30 and 0.33 for male and female wing length and male and female thorax length, respectively, whereas corresponding estimates obtained using analysis of variance were 0.46, 0.54, 0.35 and 0.38. Genetic correlations between male and female traits were 0.85 and 0.62 for wing and thorax length, respectively. Sexual dimorphism and the ratio of female to male traits were moderately heritable (0.30 and 0.23 for wing length, 0.38 and 0.23 for thorax length). Both were moderately and positively correlated with female traits, and weakly and negatively correlated with male traits. Such heritabilities confirmed that sexual dimorphism might be a fast evolving trait in Drosophila.
采用限制最大似然法估计黑腹果蝇单雌系中雄性和雌性翅膀及胸部长度的遗传参数，并将结果与早期用经典方差分析方法获得的估计值进行比较。由于单雌系内的亲本未知，共模拟了500个亲本谱系并计算平均估计值。区分了全同胞和半同胞，这与通常的单雌系研究不同，在通常的研究中动物都被视为半同胞，因此遗传力被高估。因此，雄性和雌性翅膀长度以及雄性和雌性胸部长度的遗传力分别估计为0.33、0.38、0.30和0.33，而使用方差分析获得的相应估计值分别为0.46、0.54、0.35和0.38。雄性和雌性性状之间翅膀长度和胸部长度的遗传相关性分别为0.85和0.62。两性异形以及雌性与雄性性状的比率具有中等遗传力（翅膀长度分别为0.30和0.23，胸部长度分别为0.38和0.23）。两者与雌性性状均呈中等正相关，与雄性性状呈弱负相关。这些遗传力证实两性异形可能是果蝇中一个快速进化的性状。
