Department of Meat and Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
Genetics. 1986 Oct;114(2):549-66. doi: 10.1093/genetics/114.2.549.
Sexual dimorphism in genetic parameters is examined for wing dimensions of Drosophila melanogaster. Data are fit to a quantitative genetic model where phenotypic variance is a linear function of additive genetic autosomal variance (common to both sexes), additive genetic X-linked variances distinct for each sex, variance due to common rearing environment of families, residual environmental variance, random error variance due to replication, and variance due to measurement error and developmental asymmetry (left vs. right sides). Polygenic dosage compensation and its effect on genetic variances and covariances between sexes is discussed. Variance estimates for wing length and other wing dimensions highly correlated with length support the hypothesis that the Drosophila system of dosage compensation will cause male X-linked genetic variance to be substantially larger than female X-linked variance. Results for various wing dimensions differ, suggesting that the level of dosage compensation may differ for different traits. Genetic correlations between sexes for the same trait are presented. Total additive genetic correlations are near unity for most wing traits; this indicates that selection in the same direction in both sexes would have a minor effect on changing the magnitude of difference between sexes. Additive X-linked correlations suggest some genotype x sex interactions for X-linked effects.
我们研究了黑腹果蝇翅膀维度的遗传参数中的性别二态性。数据符合一个数量遗传模型，其中表型方差是加性遗传常染色体方差（两性共有）、加性遗传 X 连锁方差（两性不同）、家族共同饲养环境方差、剩余环境方差、由于复制产生的随机误差方差和由于测量误差和发育不对称（左侧与右侧）产生的方差的线性函数。我们讨论了多基因剂量补偿及其对两性遗传方差和协方差的影响。与长度高度相关的翅膀长度和其他翅膀维度的方差估计支持这样的假设，即果蝇的剂量补偿系统将导致雄性 X 连锁遗传方差明显大于雌性 X 连锁方差。不同翅膀维度的结果不同，这表明不同特征的剂量补偿水平可能不同。我们还提供了两性之间同一性状的遗传相关性。大多数翅膀特征的总加性遗传相关性接近 1；这表明在两性中选择相同的方向对改变两性之间差异的幅度影响不大。加性 X 连锁相关性表明 X 连锁效应存在一些基因型 x 性别相互作用。
