Macken C N, Erickson G E, Klopfenstein T J, Milton C T, Stock R A
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2004 Dec;82(12):3543-8. doi: 10.2527/2004.82123543x.
Two finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of adding different types of corn bran, a component of corn gluten feed, on cattle performance. In Trial 1, 60 English crossbred yearling steers (283 +/- 6.7 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments. Treatments were diets with no corn bran, dry corn bran (86% DM), wet corn bran (37% DM), and rehydrated dry bran (37% DM). Bran was fed at 40% of dietary DM. All finishing diets had (DM basis) 9% corn steep liquor with distillers solubles, 7.5% alfalfa hay, 3% tallow, and 5% supplement. Gain efficiency and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for cattle fed no corn bran compared with all treatments containing corn bran; however, no differences were detected across corn bran types. In Trial 2, 340 English crossbred yearling steers (354 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a randomized block design with treatments assigned based on a 2 x 4 + 2 factorial arrangement (four pens per treatment). One factor was the corn processing method used (dry-rolled corn, DRC; or steam-flaked corn, SFC). The other factor was corn bran type: dry (90% DM), wet (40% DM), or dry bran rehydrated to 40 or 60% DM. Bran was fed at 30% of dietary DM, replacing either DRC or SFC. Two control diets (DRC and SFC) were fed with no added bran. All finishing diets contained (DM basis) 10% corn steep liquor with distiller's solubles, 3.5% alfalfa hay, 3.5% sorghum silage, and 5% supplement. Corn bran type did not affect DMI (P = 0.61), ADG (P = 0.53), or G:F (P = 0.10). Dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.01) by steers fed bran compared with those fed no bran, and was greater by steers fed DRC than by steers fed SFC (P < 0.01). Interactions occurred (P < 0.01) between grain source and bran inclusion for ADG and G:F. The ADG by steers fed the SFC diet without bran was greater (P < 0.01) than by steers fed SFC diets with bran, whereas the ADG by steers fed DRC diets with or without bran was similar. Daily gain was 15.2% greater (P < 0.01) by steers fed SFC without bran than by steers fed DRC without bran. Gain efficiency was 16.9% greater (P < 0.01) for steers fed SFC without bran compared with steers fed DRC without bran. In DRC and SFC diets, feeding bran decreased (P < 0.01) G:F by 5.2 and 13.8%, respectively. The moisture content of corn bran had no effect on finishing steer performance, and drying corn bran did not affect its energy value in finishing cattle diets.
进行了两项育肥试验，以确定添加不同类型的玉米麸皮（玉米蛋白粉饲料的一种成分）对牛生长性能的影响。在试验1中，60头英国杂交一岁公牛（体重283±6.7千克）采用完全随机设计，分为四种日粮处理组。处理组日粮分别为不添加玉米麸皮、干玉米麸皮（干物质含量86%）、湿玉米麸皮（干物质含量37%）和复水干麸皮（干物质含量37%）。麸皮添加量为日粮干物质的40%。所有育肥日粮（干物质基础）均含有9%的玉米浆和酒糟可溶物、7.5%的苜蓿干草、3%的牛脂和5%的补充料。与所有含玉米麸皮的处理组相比，不添加玉米麸皮的牛增重效率和平均日增重更高（P<0.01）；然而，不同类型玉米麸皮之间未检测到差异。在试验2中，340头英国杂交一岁公牛（体重354±0.6千克）采用随机区组设计，根据2×4+2析因安排（每个处理组4个栏）分配处理。一个因素是所用的玉米加工方法（干碾压玉米，DRC；或蒸汽压片玉米，SFC）。另一个因素是玉米麸皮类型：干（干物质含量90%）、湿（干物质含量40%）或复水至干物质含量40%或60%的干麸皮。麸皮添加量为日粮干物质的30%，替代DRC或SFC。两种对照日粮（DRC和SFC）不添加麸皮。所有育肥日粮（干物质基础）均含有10%的玉米浆和酒糟可溶物、3.5%的苜蓿干草、3.5%的高粱青贮和5%的补充料。玉米麸皮类型对干物质采食量（P=0.61）、平均日增重（P=0.53）或增重耗料比（P=0.10）无影响。与不喂麸皮的牛相比，喂麸皮的牛干物质采食量更高（P<0.01），且喂DRC的牛比喂SFC的牛干物质采食量更高（P<0.01）。在平均日增重和增重耗料比方面，谷物来源和麸皮添加之间存在交互作用（P<0.01）。不添加麸皮的SFC日粮组牛的平均日增重比添加麸皮的SFC日粮组牛更高（P<0.01），而添加或不添加麸皮的DRC日粮组牛的平均日增重相似。不添加麸皮的SFC日粮组牛的日增重比不添加麸皮的DRC日粮组牛高15.2%（P<0.01）。与不添加麸皮的DRC日粮组牛相比，不添加麸皮的SFC日粮组牛的增重效率高16.9%（P<0.01）。在DRC和SFC日粮中，添加麸皮分别使增重耗料比降低了5.2%和13.8%（P<0.01）。玉米麸皮的水分含量对育肥牛的生长性能无影响，干燥玉米麸皮对育肥牛日粮的能量值也无影响。
