Manchester David, Priestley Nicholas, Jackson Howard
MLR Consulting Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
Brain Inj. 2004 Nov;18(11):1067-81. doi: 10.1080/02699050410001672387.
Over the last two decades, the importance of executive functions in successful adaptive living has been increasingly recognized. Hence, investigation of executive functioning has become a core component of neuropsychological assessment. At present, correct identification is seen as crucial to ensuring adequate treatment, compensation and support. It is argued here that, in the medico-legal arena especially, but also in clinical practice, neuropsychological assessment may rely too heavily on data derived from office-based tests of executive functioning both for the identification of deficits and also for the prediction of their real world consequences. This paper discusses the discriminant and ecological validity of such tests and implications for the future assessment of executive functioning. Additionally, the importance of reliable behavioural observations, made in more ecologically valid environments than purely the consulting room is stressed.
在过去二十年中，执行功能在成功适应生活中的重要性日益得到认可。因此，对执行功能的研究已成为神经心理学评估的核心组成部分。目前，正确识别被视为确保获得充分治疗、补偿和支持的关键。本文认为，尤其是在医学法律领域，而且在临床实践中，神经心理学评估在识别缺陷以及预测其现实世界后果方面可能过度依赖基于办公室的执行功能测试所获得的数据。本文讨论了此类测试的区分效度和生态效度以及对未来执行功能评估的影响。此外，强调了在比单纯的咨询室更具生态效度的环境中进行可靠行为观察的重要性。
