Buhimschi Catalin S
Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;31(4):963-79, xii. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2004.08.002.
The endocrine control of lactation is one of the most complex physiologic mechanisms of human parturition. Mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis, and galactokinesis are all essential to assure proper lactation. Prolactin is the key hormone of lactation and seems to be the single most important galactopoietic hormone. Oxytocin, serotonin, opioids, histamine, substance P, and arginine-leucine modulate prolactin release by means of an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, whereas estrogen and progesterone hormones can act at the hypothalamic and adenohypophysial levels. Human placental lactogen and growth factors play an essential role to assure successful lactation during pregnancy. Oxytocin is the most powerful galactokinetic hormone.
泌乳的内分泌调控是人类分娩过程中最复杂的生理机制之一。乳腺生成、乳汁生成、泌乳维持和排乳对确保正常泌乳均至关重要。催乳素是泌乳的关键激素，似乎是最重要的泌乳维持激素。催产素、5-羟色胺、阿片类物质、组胺、P物质和精氨酸-亮氨酸通过自分泌/旁分泌机制调节催乳素释放，而雌激素和孕激素可在下丘脑和腺垂体水平发挥作用。人胎盘催乳素和生长因子在确保孕期成功泌乳方面发挥着重要作用。催产素是最强大的排乳激素。
