Amorosa Louis F, Corbellini Gilberto, Coluzzi Mario
School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 120 Ruskin Ave, #214, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Health Place. 2005 Mar;11(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.06.003.
No longer a major public health concern in developed countries, malaria kills 1-3 million people annually, mostly children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1998, the WHO launched the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) drive to halve malaria mortality by 2010. This article contrasts the problems confronting RBM with the successful Italian drive to eradicate malaria between the late 19th and mid 20th centuries. The Italians employed education and applied socio-political will; however, ecological and socio-economic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa are more hospitable to the disease. RBM strategies should consider the Italian experience while awaiting a major scientific breakthrough necessary to achieve success.
疟疾在发达国家已不再是主要的公共卫生问题，但每年仍导致100万至300万人死亡，其中大多数是撒哈拉以南非洲地区五岁以下的儿童。1998年，世界卫生组织发起了“击退疟疾”运动，目标是到2010年将疟疾死亡率减半。本文将“击退疟疾”运动面临的问题与19世纪末至20世纪中叶意大利成功根除疟疾的运动进行了对比。意大利人采用了教育手段并运用了社会政治意愿；然而，撒哈拉以南非洲的生态和社会经济条件更有利于这种疾病的传播。“击退疟疾”运动的策略在等待取得成功所需的重大科学突破的同时，应考虑意大利的经验。
