Parashar U, Quiroz E S, Mounts A W, Monroe S S, Fankhauser R L, Ando T, Noel J S, Bulens S N, Beard S R, Li J F, Bresee J S, Glass R I
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA.
MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001 Jun 1;50(RR-9):1-17.
"Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs) cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis and are spread frequently through contaminated food or water. Molecular diagnostics now enables detecting viruses in clinical and environmental specimens, linking of NLV strains causing outbreaks in multiple geographic locations, and tracing them to their sources in contaminated food or water. This report reviews recent advances in NLV detection and provides guidelines and recommendations for investigating NLV-related outbreaks, including specimen collection and disease prevention and control. This report also updates information provided in CDC's previously published, Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis: Public Health Importance and Outbreak Management (MMWR 1990;39 [No. RR-5]: 1-24). These CDC recommendations are intended for public health professionals who investigate outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis but could be useful in academic and research settings as well.
“诺如病毒”（NLVs）可引发肠胃炎疫情，且常通过受污染的食物或水传播。分子诊断技术如今能够在临床和环境样本中检测出病毒，将在多个地理位置引发疫情的诺如病毒株联系起来，并追踪其在受污染食物或水中的源头。本报告回顾了诺如病毒检测的最新进展，并为调查与诺如病毒相关的疫情提供指导方针和建议，包括样本采集以及疾病预防与控制。本报告还更新了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）此前发布的《肠胃炎病毒病原体：公共卫生重要性及疫情管理》（《发病率与死亡率周报》1990年；39 [第RR - 5号]：1 - 24）中提供的信息。这些美国疾病控制与预防中心的建议针对调查急性肠胃炎疫情的公共卫生专业人员，但在学术和研究环境中也可能有用。
