Atmar Robert L
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, MS BCM 280, Houston, TX 77030, USA, , FAX: 713-798-6802.
Food Environ Virol. 2010;2(3):117-126. doi: 10.1007/s12560-010-9038-1.
Noroviruses are a common cause of both endemic and epidemic gastroenteritis. These highly infectious viruses usually cause self-limited disease, but chronic infections occur in highly immunocompromised patients and unusual manifestations are also being described in some populations. Histoblood-group antigen expression is now recognized as an important susceptibility factor for many norovirus strains, but a correlate of acquired immunity to infection or illness has not yet been identified. Currently, treatment and prevention strategies rely on non-specific measures. However, virus-like particles containing capsid antigens are undergoing evaluation as a vaccine candidate for illness prevention. This article reviews the biologic properties, epidemiology, clinical features, host susceptibility, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention of norovirus infection.
诺如病毒是散发性和流行性肠胃炎的常见病因。这些极具传染性的病毒通常会引发自限性疾病，但在免疫功能严重受损的患者中会出现慢性感染，并且在一些人群中也有不寻常表现的报道。组织血型抗原表达现已被认为是许多诺如病毒株的重要易感性因素，但尚未确定感染或患病获得性免疫的相关因素。目前，治疗和预防策略依赖于非特异性措施。然而，含有衣壳抗原的病毒样颗粒正在作为预防疾病的候选疫苗进行评估。本文综述了诺如病毒感染的生物学特性、流行病学、临床特征、宿主易感性、诊断以及治疗和预防。
