Gary Tiffany L, Baptiste-Roberts Kesha, Gregg Edward W, Williams Desmond E, Beckles Gloria L A, Miller Edgar J, Engelgau Michael M
Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2004 Dec;96(12):1599-605.
African Americans experience high rates of obesity and other chronic diseases, which may be related, in part, to diet. However, little is known about dietary patterns in this population, particularly from population-based data sources.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 2,172 African-American adults in Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together). A baseline assessment was conducted using a multistaged population-based probability sample from Raleigh and Greensboro, NC. Daily fruit, vegetable and fat intake was evaluated using a modified version of the Block questionnaire, and then stratified results were analyzed by sociodemographic, health and behavior characteristics. STATA Survey commands were used to account for the complex survey design.
Overall, a very small number of participants met national recommendations for > or = 2 servings of fruit (8%) and > or = 3 servings of vegetables (16%) per day. Many participants reported eating high-fat foods; the average daily fat intake was 86 g, and the average daily intake from saturated fat was 24 g. People with more education and higher incomes had a higher average daily fruit intake (all p < 0.05).
The data suggest that participants' fruit, vegetable and fat intake deviated greatly from national guidelines; older people, women, participants with higher socioeconomic status and those who were physically active consumed healthier foods. These data may be useful in developing dietary and weight loss interventions for African Americans.
非裔美国人肥胖及其他慢性病的发生率较高，这可能部分与饮食有关。然而，对于该人群的饮食模式，尤其是基于人群的数据源所反映的情况，我们知之甚少。
对“共同抵达并教育社区的糖尿病干预项目”（DIRECT项目）中的2172名非裔美国成年人进行了横断面分析。使用来自北卡罗来纳州罗利市和格林斯伯勒市的基于多阶段人群的概率样本进行了基线评估。使用改良版的布洛克问卷评估每日水果、蔬菜和脂肪摄入量，然后按社会人口学、健康和行为特征对分层结果进行分析。使用STATA调查命令来考虑复杂的调查设计。
总体而言，只有极少数参与者达到了每天摄入≥2份水果（8%）和≥3份蔬菜（16%）的国家建议量。许多参与者报告食用高脂肪食物；平均每日脂肪摄入量为86克，饱和脂肪的平均每日摄入量为24克。受教育程度较高和收入较高的人平均每日水果摄入量更高（所有p<0.05）。
数据表明，参与者的水果、蔬菜和脂肪摄入量与国家指南有很大偏差；老年人、女性、社会经济地位较高的参与者以及身体活跃的人食用的食物更健康。这些数据可能有助于为非裔美国人制定饮食和减肥干预措施。
