Saw Seang-Mei, Tong Louis, Chua Wei-Han, Chia Kee-Seng, Koh David, Tan Donald T H, Katz Joanne
Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jan;46(1):51-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-0565.
To determine the incidence and progression rates of myopia in young Singaporean children.
A prospective cohort study, the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM), was conducted in two schools in Singapore (1999-2002). Children aged 7 to 9 years (n=981) were followed up over a 3-year period. Cycloplegic autorefraction and biometry parameter measures were performed annually, according to the same protocol.
The 3-year cumulative incidence rates were 47.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.2-53.3), 38.4% (95% CI: 31.4-45.4), and 32.4% (95% CI: 21.8-43.1) for 7-, 8-, and 9-year-old children, respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates were higher in Chinese (49.5% vs. 27.2%) and in 7-year-old compared with 9-year-old children at baseline (47.7% vs. 32.4%), though the latter relationship was of borderline significance after adjustment for race, gender, amount of reading (books/week), and parental myopia (P=0.057). Premyopic children with greater axial lengths, vitreous chamber depths, and thinner lenses were more prone to the development of myopia, after controlling for age, gender, race, reading, and parental myopia. The 3-year mean cumulative myopia progression rates were -2.40 D (95% CI: -2.57 to -2.22) in 7-year-old myopic children, -1.97 (95% CI: -2.16 to -1.78) in 8-year-olds, and -1.71 (95% CI: -1.98 to -1.44) in 9-year-olds.
Both the incidence and progression rates of myopia are high in Singaporean children.
确定新加坡儿童近视的发病率和进展速度。
一项前瞻性队列研究——新加坡近视危险因素队列研究（SCORM）于1999年至2002年在新加坡的两所学校开展。对981名7至9岁的儿童进行了为期3年的随访。每年按照相同方案进行睫状肌麻痹验光和生物测量参数测量。
7岁、8岁和9岁儿童3年累积发病率分别为47.7%（95%置信区间[CI]：42.2 - 53.3）、38.4%（95%CI：31.4 - 45.4）和32.4%（95%CI：21.8 - 43.1）。华裔儿童3年累积发病率更高（49.5%对27.2%），且基线时7岁儿童相比9岁儿童发病率更高（47.7%对32.4%），不过在对种族、性别、阅读量（每周读书数量）和父母近视情况进行调整后，后一种关系的显著性接近临界值（P = 0.057）。在控制了年龄、性别、种族、阅读量和父母近视情况后，眼轴长度更长、玻璃体腔深度更深且晶状体更薄的近视前期儿童更易发展为近视。7岁近视儿童3年平均累积近视进展速度为-2.40 D（95%CI：-2.57至-2.22），8岁儿童为-1.97（95%CI：-2.16至-1.78），9岁儿童为-1.71（95%CI：-1.98至-1.44）。
新加坡儿童近视的发病率和进展速度都很高。
