Intracranial atypical fibromuscular dysplasia with ruptured aneurysm--case report.

A 53-year-old woman was admitted with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an aneurysm associated with atypical intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Angiography demonstrated the aneurysm and very irregular form of the left internal carotid artery (ICA), the right ICA, and right proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA). Other arteries showed signs of atherosclerosis. The aneurysm was treated by embolization, but she subsequently died of shock of unknown cause. Detailed examination of serial angiograms detected enlargement of the aneurysm and progression of the irregular appearance of the ICA. FMD is a non-inflammatory and non-atheromatous arteriopathy that commonly affects the cervical ICA and sometimes the intracranial ICA. The association with saccular aneurysm is widely known and the prevalence of incidental aneurysms is higher than that in the general population. The common "string of beads" finding is easily distinguished from other vascular diseases, but non-specific findings such as "tubular stenosis" and "diverticular-like outpouching" are harder to differentiate. FMD is associated with various complications and appropriate periodic follow-up examination is required. Detailed analysis of serial angiograms may facilitate diagnosis of this condition.