Morton Dean, Jaffin Robert, Weber Hans-Peter
Center for Implant Dentistry, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610-0416, USA.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:103-8.
The use of dental implants to assist in the treatment of partial and complete edentulism is well documented. Most of the implant literature, however, reports results associated with implant survival and success when there has been adherence to rigid placement and loading protocols. Conventionally, these protocols call for the undisturbed healing of the implant-3 months in the mandible and 4 to 6 months in the maxilla. This article evaluates the literature and develops protocols for clinical procedures for the early or immediate restoration or loading of dental implants. Criteria are established for defining immediate loading, immediate restoration, early loading, and early restoration as compared to conventional protocols. The review assesses factors that influence accelerated loading and restoration decisions, including bone quality and quantity, implant design, splinting of implants, and prosthetic design. Conclusions and recommendations are made based on the experience of the consensus group charged with considering these procedures and on the current literature published on these protocols.
使用牙种植体辅助治疗部分和完全无牙颌已有充分的文献记载。然而，大多数种植体文献报道的是在严格遵循种植体植入和加载方案的情况下，与种植体存活和成功相关的结果。按照惯例，这些方案要求种植体实现无干扰愈合——在下颌为3个月，在上颌为4至6个月。本文评估了相关文献，并制定了牙种植体早期或即刻修复或加载的临床操作方案。与传统方案相比，确定了即刻加载、即刻修复、早期加载和早期修复的标准。该综述评估了影响加速加载和修复决策的因素，包括骨质量和骨量、种植体设计、种植体联冠以及修复体设计。基于负责审议这些操作的共识小组的经验以及有关这些方案的现有文献，得出了结论并提出了建议。
