van Eickels Rahel L, Siegel Magdalena, Juhasz Alice J, Zemp Martina
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Child Dev. 2025 May-Jun;96(3):907-929. doi: 10.1111/cdev.14212. Epub 2025 Jan 16.
Empirical findings on the associations of positive and dysfunctional parent-child relationship (PPCR/DPCR) characteristics with child shame, adaptive guilt, and maladaptive guilt were synthesized in six meta-analyses. The 65 included samples yielded 633 effect sizes (N = 19,144; M = 15.24 years; 59.0% female; 67.7% U.S. samples, n = 12,036 with 65% White, 12.3% Hispanic and Latinx, 10.8% Black, 6.3% mixed race, 5.6% Asian American, 0.3% Native American participants). Small positive correlations were found between DPCR and shame (r = .17), DPCR and maladaptive guilt (r = .15), and PPCR and adaptive guilt (r = .14). A small negative correlation was found between PPCR and shame (r = -.12). Sample and study moderators and sources of bias are investigated and discussed.
六项元分析综合了关于积极和功能失调的亲子关系（PPCR/DPCR）特征与儿童羞耻感、适应性内疚和适应不良内疚之间关联的实证研究结果。纳入的65个样本产生了633个效应量（N = 19144；M = 15.24岁；59.0%为女性；67.7%为美国样本，n = 12036，其中65%为白人，12.3%为西班牙裔和拉丁裔，10.8%为黑人，6.3%为混血，5.6%为亚裔美国人，0.3%为美国原住民参与者）。发现DPCR与羞耻感之间存在小的正相关（r = 0.17），DPCR与适应不良内疚之间存在小的正相关（r = 0.15），PPCR与适应性内疚之间存在小的正相关（r = 0.14）。发现PPCR与羞耻感之间存在小的负相关（r = -0.12）。对样本和研究调节因素以及偏差来源进行了调查和讨论。
