Belza Basia, Walwick Julie, Shiu-Thornton Sharyne, Schwartz Sheryl, Taylor Mary, LoGerfo James
Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Oct;1(4):A09. Epub 2004 Sep 15.
Increasing physical activity is a goal of Healthy People 2010. Although the health benefits of physical activity are documented, older adults are less physically active than any other age group. The purpose of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise among underserved, ethnically diverse older adults.
Seventy-one older adults were recruited through community agencies to participate in seven ethnic-specific focus groups: American Indian/Alaska Native, African American, Filipino, Chinese, Latino, Korean, and Vietnamese. Groups were conducted in the participants' primary language and ranged in size from 7-13 participants. Mean age was 71.6 years (range from 52 to 85 years; SD +/- 7.39). Professional translators transcribed audiotapes into the language of the group and then translated the transcript into English. Transcripts were systematically reviewed using content analysis.
Suggested features of physical activity programs to enhance participation among ethnically diverse minority older adults included fostering relationships among participants; providing culture-specific exercise; offering programs at residential sites; partnering with and offering classes prior to or after social service programs; educating families about the importance of physical activity for older adults and ways they could help; offering low- or no-cost classes; and involving older adults in program development. Walking was the exercise of choice across all ethnic groups. Health served as both a motivator and a barrier to physical activity. Other factors influencing physical activity were weather, transportation, and personal safety.
Findings from this study suggest strategies for culture-specific programming of community-based physical activity programs.
增加身体活动是《2010年美国人健康目标》的一项内容。尽管身体活动对健康的益处已有文献记载，但老年人的身体活动比其他任何年龄组都少。本研究的目的是调查在服务不足、种族多样的老年人中，身体活动和锻炼的障碍与促进因素。
通过社区机构招募了71名老年人，参加7个特定种族的焦点小组：美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、非裔美国人、菲律宾人、华人、拉丁裔、韩国人和越南人。小组讨论用参与者的母语进行，每组人数从7至13人不等。平均年龄为71.6岁（范围从52岁至85岁；标准差±7.39）。专业翻译人员将录音带转录成小组语言，然后将转录内容翻译成英文。使用内容分析法对转录内容进行系统审查。
为提高不同种族少数族裔老年人的参与度，身体活动项目的建议特点包括促进参与者之间的关系；提供特定文化的锻炼方式；在居住场所提供项目；与社会服务项目合作并在其之前或之后开设课程；向家庭宣传身体活动对老年人的重要性以及他们可以提供帮助的方式；提供低成本或免费课程；让老年人参与项目开发。散步是所有种族都选择的锻炼方式。健康既是身体活动的动力，也是障碍。影响身体活动的其他因素包括天气、交通和个人安全。
本研究结果为基于社区的身体活动项目的特定文化规划提供了策略。
