Romito Patrizia, Molzan Turan Janet, De Marchi Margherita
Department of Psychology, University of Trieste, Via S.Anastasio 12, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
Soc Sci Med. 2005 Apr;60(8):1717-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.026.
Violence against women, and more particularly male partner violence, is frequent. Although there are many studies on the consequences of violence on women's mental health, a number of aspects are still unclear. The impact of violence is seldom studied in the context of other risk factors of mental distress, psychological abuse is rarely considered, and older women are generally excluded from the sample. This study aims to analyze the relationships between current and past violence and three indicators of current women's health--psychological distress, the use of psychoactive drugs and a subjective evaluation of health--controlling for demographic and social characteristics. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among patients of family practices in an Italian town and 444 women responded to a self-administrated questionnaire: 20% of them had experienced some kind of abuse in the last 12 months and 5.2% reported physical or sexual aggression, mostly (4%) inflicted by a partner or ex-partner. Current violence was strongly associated with psychological distress, the use of psychoactive drugs and a negative evaluation of health. Experiencing solely psychological abuse with no sexual or physical violence was also associated with impaired health. The relationship between current violence and health was independent of age. After controlling for age, education, children, marital and employment status, women victims of partner violence were around 6 times more likely to be depressed and to feel in bad health, and 4 times more likely to use psychoactive pills than other women. Moreover, there was a strong association between past and current violence. Compared to women who reported no violence, women who reported both types were 5.95 times, women who reported only current but no past violence were 4.81 times, and women who reported only past but no current violence were 3.01 times more likely to report psychological distress.
针对妇女的暴力行为，尤其是来自男性伴侣的暴力行为，屡见不鲜。尽管有许多关于暴力对妇女心理健康影响的研究，但仍有一些方面尚不清楚。在其他精神痛苦风险因素的背景下，暴力的影响很少被研究，心理虐待很少被考虑，而且老年妇女通常被排除在样本之外。本研究旨在分析当前和过去的暴力行为与当前妇女健康的三个指标——心理困扰、精神活性药物的使用和健康的主观评价之间的关系，并控制人口统计学和社会特征。我们在意大利一个城镇的家庭医疗患者中进行了一项横断面调查，444名妇女回答了一份自我管理的问卷：其中20%的人在过去12个月里遭受过某种虐待，5.2%的人报告遭受过身体或性侵犯，其中大部分（4%）是由伴侣或前伴侣实施的。当前的暴力行为与心理困扰、精神活性药物的使用以及对健康的负面评价密切相关。仅经历心理虐待而没有性暴力或身体暴力也与健康受损有关。当前暴力行为与健康之间的关系与年龄无关。在控制了年龄、教育程度、子女、婚姻和就业状况之后，遭受伴侣暴力的女性受害者出现抑郁和感觉健康不佳的可能性是其他女性的6倍左右，使用精神活性药丸的可能性是其他女性的4倍。此外，过去和当前的暴力行为之间存在很强的关联。与报告没有暴力行为的女性相比，报告两种暴力行为的女性出现心理困扰的可能性是其5.95倍，仅报告当前但没有过去暴力行为的女性是4.81倍，仅报告过去但没有当前暴力行为的女性是3.01倍。
