Lukasiak Miriam, Palmieri Jack, Svensson Pia, Tumwine Gilbert, Agardh Anette
Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 17;19(12):e0314972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314972. eCollection 2024.
Gender-based violence (GBV) is an internationally widespread human rights and public health issue, known to be exacerbated and underreported in humanitarian settings and among conflict-affected populations. A combination of factors including increased vulnerability, lack of protection and marginalization are believed to increase the risk for GBV in settings such as displacement and refugee camps. An increased understanding of GBV in these populations is needed to inform and improve future policy changes and interventions. This qualitative study sought to explore women's perceptions and experiences of GBV in a refugee camp setting in Uganda to increase the understanding of the dynamics and risk contexts of GBV in the context of displacement and refugee camps.
This was a qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The interviews were conducted during October 2023 with women living in a refugee camp setting in Western Uganda. The participants (N = 13) included female refugees, residing in the refugee camp, above eighteen years of age and who were survivors of GBV.
Findings showed no easy escape route from gender-based violence, with a high exposure to GBV throughout the refugee experience. The nature of GBV, the perpetrators and risk contexts however seemed to shift throughout the process from conflict to the refugee camp. Increased marginalization and lack of resources compounded by a shift in gender roles in the refugee camp where women seemed to assume the role of the primary provider increased the risk of violence in pursuit of basic needs. Women described extensive intimate partner violence (IPV) in the camp often connected to new gendered power dynamics and the control of resources. Faced with the struggles of migration, marginalization, and GBV, women displayed various coping mechanisms including rebuilding networks and support systems.
Our study showed the complexity of GBV in settings such as refugee camps, where various structural and individual changes involved in migration and life in a refugee camp seemed to create new risk contexts for GBV both inside and outside of the household. Interventions across various dimensions including addressing underlying conditions of marginalization and gendered power dynamics are therefore warranted to address GBV in refugee camps. Further research is essential to better understand this complex issue, as well as the perception and effectiveness of services and interventions in place.
基于性别的暴力（GBV）是一个在国际上广泛存在的人权和公共卫生问题，在人道主义环境以及受冲突影响的人群中，该问题被认为更为严重且报告不足。包括脆弱性增加、缺乏保护和边缘化在内的多种因素，被认为会增加流离失所和难民营等环境中基于性别的暴力风险。需要加深对这些人群中基于性别的暴力的理解，以为未来的政策变化和干预措施提供信息并加以改进。这项定性研究旨在探索乌干达一个难民营环境中妇女对基于性别的暴力的认知和经历，以增进对流离失所和难民营背景下基于性别的暴力动态及风险情况的理解。
这是一项基于个体半结构化访谈和内容分析的定性研究。访谈于2023年10月对居住在乌干达西部一个难民营环境中的妇女进行。参与者（N = 13）包括居住在难民营、年龄在18岁以上且是基于性别的暴力幸存者的女性难民。
研究结果表明，在基于性别的暴力中没有轻松的逃脱途径，在整个难民经历中，遭受基于性别的暴力的情况很普遍。然而，基于性别的暴力的性质、实施者和风险情况在从冲突到难民营的整个过程中似乎发生了变化。在难民营中，边缘化加剧和资源匮乏加上性别角色的转变（女性似乎承担了主要供养者的角色），增加了为满足基本需求而遭受暴力的风险。妇女描述了难民营中广泛存在的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV），这往往与新的性别权力动态和资源控制有关。面对移民、边缘化和基于性别的暴力的种种挣扎，妇女展现出了包括重建网络和支持系统在内的各种应对机制。
我们的研究表明，在难民营等环境中，基于性别的暴力情况复杂，在难民营中的迁移和生活所涉及的各种结构和个体变化，似乎在家庭内外都为基于性别的暴力创造了新的风险情况。因此，有必要在各个层面进行干预，包括解决边缘化的潜在状况和性别权力动态问题，以应对难民营中的基于性别的暴力。进一步的研究对于更好地理解这一复杂问题以及现有服务和干预措施的认知和有效性至关重要。
