Khan Safdar N, Cammisa Frank P, Sandhu Harvinder S, Diwan Ashish D, Girardi Federico P, Lane Joseph M
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005 Jan-Feb;13(1):77-86.
Many approaches are used to repair skeletal defects in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, and bone grafting is involved in virtually every procedure. The type of bone graft used depends on the clinical scenario and the anticipated final outcome. Autogenous cancellous bone graft, with its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, remains the standard for grafting. However, the high incidence of morbidity during autogenous graft harvest may make the acquisition of grafts from other sources desirable. The clinical applications for each type of bone graft are dictated by the structure and biochemical properties of the graft. An elegant cellular and molecular cascade follows bone transplantation. Bone graft incorporation within the host, whether autogenous or allogeneic, depends on many factors: type of graft (autogenous versus allogeneic, vascular versus nonvascular), site of transplant, quality of transplanted bone and host bone, host bed preparation, preservation techniques, systemic and local disease, and mechanical properties of the graft.
在重建整形外科手术中，有多种方法用于修复骨骼缺损，而且几乎每个手术过程都涉及骨移植。所使用的骨移植类型取决于临床情况和预期的最终结果。具有成骨、骨诱导和骨传导特性的自体松质骨移植仍是移植的标准。然而，自体移植取材时较高的发病率可能使从其他来源获取移植骨成为必要。每种骨移植的临床应用取决于移植骨的结构和生化特性。骨移植后会发生一系列精妙的细胞和分子级联反应。移植骨在宿主（无论是自体还是异体）内的整合取决于许多因素：移植骨类型（自体与异体、带血管与不带血管）、移植部位、移植骨和宿主骨的质量、宿主床准备、保存技术、全身和局部疾病以及移植骨的力学性能。
