Autologous bone graft: properties and techniques.

Bone grafting is involved in virtually every procedure in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery. Although autologous bone grafts have excellent biologic and mechanical properties, considerable donor site morbidity and the limited volume available must be taken into consideration. Currently, there are no heterologous or synthetic bone substitutes available that have superior biologic or mechanical properties. This review article summarizes the biologic and mechanical properties of autologous bone grafts, differentiates various autologous bone graft types, and compares them with other bone substitutes.