Reuter Gábor, Szucs György
Allami Népegészségügyi es Tisztiorvosi Szolgálat Baranya Megyei Intézete, Regionális Virológiai Laboratórium, Pécs.
Orv Hetil. 2004 Dec 19;145(51):2555-61.
There are several new data on the acute viral hepatitis particularly on infectious non-A-non-C hepatitis viruses. The hepatitis E virus infection was originally thought to be limited only for certain geographic areas and humans. Recently, it has been demonstrated the genetic diversity and worldwide distribution of hepatitis E virus in human population, as well as, the circulation of the virus in many species of animals. It is evident, that hepatitis E virus can spread by fecally contaminated water (waterborne transmission), by meat of infected animals (food-borne transmission), by animal-human contact (zoonotic transmission), and even by transfusion (blood-borne transmission). The frequency of hepatitis E virus infections among the acute hepatitis cases with unknown origin is supposed to be more than 10%. In the differential diagnosis of hepatitis, possible hepatitis E virus infection must be now taken into account even in those areas and countries, like in Hungary, where the infection was previously thought to be non-endemic. To confirm the clinical diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infection, virus specific ELISA and molecular methods are now available. In the near future, a molecular epidemiological study will be organized for the detection of hepatitis E virus in Hungary in collaboration with 9 European countries.--This review covers all aspects of the hepatitis E virus infection including the characteristics and transmission of the etiological agent, the clinical symptoms, its epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, and some possible control measures.
关于急性病毒性肝炎，尤其是非甲非丙型传染性肝炎病毒，有一些新的数据。戊型肝炎病毒感染最初被认为仅局限于某些地理区域和人类。最近，已证明戊型肝炎病毒在人群中的遗传多样性和全球分布，以及该病毒在许多动物物种中的传播情况。显然，戊型肝炎病毒可通过粪便污染的水（经水传播）、受感染动物的肉（经食物传播）、动物与人的接触（人畜共患病传播），甚至通过输血（经血液传播）传播。在病因不明的急性肝炎病例中，戊型肝炎病毒感染的发生率据推测超过10%。在肝炎的鉴别诊断中，即使在像匈牙利这样以前认为该感染为非地方性流行的地区和国家，现在也必须考虑到可能的戊型肝炎病毒感染。为了确诊戊型肝炎病毒感染的临床诊断，现在有病毒特异性酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）和分子方法。在不久的将来，将与9个欧洲国家合作组织一项分子流行病学研究，以检测匈牙利的戊型肝炎病毒。——这篇综述涵盖了戊型肝炎病毒感染的各个方面，包括病原体的特征和传播、临床症状、流行病学、实验室诊断以及一些可能的控制措施。
