Birhanli Ayse, Ozmen Murat
Department of Science, Faculty of Education, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2005;28(1):51-65. doi: 10.1081/dct-39689.
Potential developmental toxicities of six different textile dyes were evaluated using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to astrazon red FBL, astrazon blue FGRL, remazol red RR, remazol turquoise blue G-A, cibacron red FN-3G, and cibacron blue FN-R from stage 8 to 11 for a 96-h exposure period in static renewal test conditions. A minimum of 17 concentration-response tests were performed with tested dyes, excluding a control group for each dye. Median lethal concentration (LC50), malformation (EC50), non observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), and lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) were calculated. Also, teratogenic index (TI), minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG), and MCIG/LC50 values were determined for each of the tested dyes. Characteristic abnormalities induced by a given test material were determined by the relationship between concentration and dye in the study. Results from these studies suggested that each tested dye is teratogenic for X. laevis embryos. The lowest LC50 was determined for astrazon red exposure corresponding to a value of 4.73 mg/L. The LC50 value was similar for this dye and astrazon blue; the highest TI was calculated for astrazon blue exposure. Tests with X. laevis indicated that each of the tested compounds possessed teratogenic potential with varying degrees of potency: astrazon blue FGRL > remazol turquoise blue G-A > astrazon red FBL > cibacron blue FN-R > cibacron red FN-3G > remazol red RR. Different types of malformations occurred in the embryos, depending on concentration and dye. From these results, we can suggest that astrazon blue is the most toxic compound, but that the others are also highly toxic and teratogenic substances for X. laevis embryos. Results of the study confirmed that the FETAX assay can be useful in an integrated biological hazard assesment for the preliminary screening of textile dye stuff.
使用非洲爪蟾胚胎致畸试验（FETAX）评估了六种不同纺织染料的潜在发育毒性。在静态更新试验条件下，将非洲爪蟾胚胎从第8阶段到第11阶段暴露于阿斯特拉宗红FBL、阿斯特拉宗蓝FGRL、雷马素红RR、雷马素绿松石蓝G - A、汽巴克隆红FN - 3G和汽巴克隆蓝FN - R中，暴露96小时。每种染料除了一个对照组外，至少进行了17次浓度 - 反应试验。计算了半数致死浓度（LC50）、致畸浓度（EC50）、未观察到不良反应浓度（NOAEC）和最低观察到不良反应浓度（LOAEC）。此外，还确定了每种受试染料的致畸指数（TI）、抑制生长的最低浓度（MCIG）以及MCIG/LC50值。通过研究中浓度与染料之间的关系确定了给定测试材料诱导的特征性异常。这些研究结果表明，每种受试染料对非洲爪蟾胚胎都具有致畸性。阿斯特拉宗红暴露的最低LC50为4.73mg/L。该染料和阿斯特拉宗蓝的LC50值相似；阿斯特拉宗蓝暴露的TI最高。对非洲爪蟾的试验表明，每种受试化合物都具有不同程度的致畸潜力：阿斯特拉宗蓝FGRL＞雷马素绿松石蓝G - A＞阿斯特拉宗红FBL＞汽巴克隆蓝FN - R＞汽巴克隆红FN - 3G＞雷马素红RR。根据浓度和染料的不同，胚胎中出现了不同类型的畸形。从这些结果可以看出，阿斯特拉宗蓝是毒性最大的化合物，但其他化合物对非洲爪蟾胚胎也是高毒性和致畸性物质。研究结果证实，FETAX试验可用于纺织染料初步筛选的综合生物危害评估。
