Pelletier Marc, Achim Amélie M, Montoya Alonso, Lal Samarthji, Lepage Martin
Brain Imaging Group, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 Boul. LaSalle, Verdun, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3.
Schizophr Res. 2005 May 1;74(2-3):233-52. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.017.
Recognition memory performance in schizophrenia has been shown to vary greatly across studies. To identify the conditions under which recognition memory is significantly impaired, we used a meta-analytic strategy to quantify the moderating effects of several cognitive and clinical variables. Eighty-four studies (from 1965 to July 2003) provided recognition memory data for both a schizophrenia and control group. The overall group comparison for recognition memory yielded a significant mean weighted effect size of d=0.76. Material specificity was the most significant cognitive variable found, with patients exhibiting greater impairment for figural than verbal recognition. A yes-no recognition format and auditory encoding also led to significantly greater effect sizes for recognition memory relative to forced-choice recognition tests and visual encoding, respectively. Furthermore, the effect size for recognition memory as measured by false alarm was smaller than the effect size as measured by hit rate or by d-prime and its related measures. Among clinical variables that were associated with higher effect sizes, chronicity was the most significant, but different trends linking poor performance to negative symptoms and general symptomatology were also observed. Thus, a recognition memory deficit moderated by both cognitive and clinical variables is clearly present in schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者的识别记忆表现已被证明在不同研究中差异很大。为了确定识别记忆显著受损的条件，我们采用了元分析策略来量化几个认知和临床变量的调节作用。84项研究（从1965年到2003年7月）提供了精神分裂症患者组和对照组的识别记忆数据。识别记忆的总体组间比较得出显著的平均加权效应量d = 0.76。材料特异性是发现的最显著的认知变量，患者在图形识别方面比言语识别表现出更大的损伤。是/否识别格式和听觉编码相对于强制选择识别测试和视觉编码，也分别导致识别记忆的效应量显著更大。此外，通过虚报率测量的识别记忆效应量小于通过命中率或d'及其相关测量方法测量的效应量。在与较高效应量相关的临床变量中，病程是最显著的，但也观察到了将表现不佳与阴性症状和一般症状联系起来的不同趋势。因此，精神分裂症中明显存在由认知和临床变量调节的识别记忆缺陷。
