Vega-López Sonia, Lichtenstein Alice H
USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Prev Cardiol. 2005 Winter;8(1):31-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1520-037x.2005.3923.x.
Observational studies suggested a negative association between vegetable protein and cardiovascular disease risk, whereas intervention studies have been less consistent. The majority of interventional studies that have evaluated the effects of soy protein compared to animal protein have used casein. Relative to casein, the effect of soy protein on lipids and lipoprotein appears to be variable and less dramatic than originally reported. When compared to animal proteins other than casein, relatively large intakes of soy protein (>/=25 g/d) appear to have a consistent, albeit small ( asymptotically equal to 5%), hypocholesterolemic effect. When assessed, no consistent additional benefit of soy protein on other cardiovascular disease risk factors; Lp(a), inflammatory markers, biomarkers of oxidative stress and endothelial function, has been reported. The data available on the effect of dietary protein on plasma lipids, lipoprotein levels, and cardiovascular disease risk factors is difficult to interpret and insufficient to account for the discrepancy between the observational and interventional studies.
观察性研究表明植物蛋白与心血管疾病风险之间存在负相关，而干预性研究的结果则不太一致。与动物蛋白相比，大多数评估大豆蛋白作用的干预性研究都使用了酪蛋白。相对于酪蛋白，大豆蛋白对脂质和脂蛋白的影响似乎存在差异，且不如最初报道的那么显著。与酪蛋白以外的动物蛋白相比，相对大量摄入大豆蛋白（≥25克/天）似乎具有一致的降胆固醇作用，尽管作用较小（渐近等于5%）。在评估时，未发现大豆蛋白对其他心血管疾病风险因素（如脂蛋白(a)、炎症标志物、氧化应激生物标志物和内皮功能）有一致的额外益处。关于膳食蛋白对血浆脂质、脂蛋白水平和心血管疾病风险因素影响的现有数据难以解读，也不足以解释观察性研究和干预性研究之间的差异。
