Koury Olivia Hanna, Scheede-Bergdahl Celena, Bergdahl Andreas
Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
J Physiol Biochem. 2014 Dec;70(4):1021-8. doi: 10.1007/s13105-014-0365-9. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of severe cardiovascular complications such as cardio- and cerebrovascular events. Given that prevention and early intervention play important roles in the reduction of cardiovascular complications associated with atherosclerosis, it is critical to better understand how to target the modifiable risk factors, such as diet, in order to best minimize their contributions to the development of the disease. Studies have shown that various dietary sources of protein can affect blood lipid levels, a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis, either positively or negatively. This clearly highlights that not all proteins are "created equal." For example, consumption of diets high in either animal- or vegetable-based sources of protein have resulted in varied and inconsistent effects on blood cholesterol levels, often depending on the amino acid composition of the protein and the species investigated. Careful consideration of the source of dietary protein may play an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular complications. Given the recent focus on high protein diets, an emphasis on controlled studies in the area is warranted. The goal of this review is to present the current state of the literature that examines the effects of casein, a commonly utilized animal-based protein, on blood cholesterol levels and the varying effects noted in both animals and humans.
动脉粥样硬化仍然是导致严重心血管并发症（如心脑血管事件）的主要原因。鉴于预防和早期干预在减少与动脉粥样硬化相关的心血管并发症方面发挥着重要作用，更好地了解如何针对可改变的风险因素（如饮食），以最大程度地减少其对疾病发展的影响至关重要。研究表明，各种蛋白质的饮食来源可对血脂水平产生积极或消极影响，而血脂是动脉粥样硬化的一个可改变的风险因素。这清楚地表明并非所有蛋白质都是“一样的”。例如，食用富含动物蛋白或植物蛋白的饮食对血液胆固醇水平产生了不同且不一致的影响，这通常取决于蛋白质的氨基酸组成和所研究的物种。仔细考虑膳食蛋白质的来源可能在预防动脉粥样硬化及随后的心血管并发症中发挥重要作用。鉴于近期对高蛋白饮食的关注，有必要强调该领域的对照研究。本综述的目的是介绍当前文献的现状，这些文献研究了酪蛋白（一种常用的动物蛋白）对血液胆固醇水平的影响以及在动物和人类中观察到的不同效应。
