Department of Physiatry and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, GENUD Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Avd. Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov;111(11):2671-80. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1897-0. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
Our aim is to analyse the effect on bone mass of: (1) physical fitness performance on a specific group of physical activity (PA) and, (2) PA on a specific physical fitness performance group. Bone mineral content (BMC) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PA by accelerometers was assessed in 373 Spanish adolescents (182 males). Adolescents were classified as: active and non-active (≥60 or <60 min day(-1) of moderate-vigorous PA). Fitness was assessed through speed/agility, strength and cardiorespiratory tests. Adolescents were classified by tertiles (T1, T2 and T3). ANCOVA was used for the analysis with sex, height, lean mass, calcium intake and pubertal status as covariates. Adolescents with lower strength, speed/agility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) showed lower BMC in the whole body and extremities compared with adolescents with better results in these tests, mainly those non-active adolescents. Non-active adolescents with high fitness levels showed higher BMC (whole body and upper limbs) than active ones. The conclusions included: (1) within the non-active group, lower levels of fitness were associated with lower BMC; this might be through PA or trough an effect of PA on muscle mass. (2) Non-active adolescents with high level of fitness in most fitness tests showed higher BMC than their active peers, in spite of their lower PA levels. These unexpected results could be influenced by several factors such as genetics, nutrition, type of exercise or sport, hormones and skeletal age.
（1）特定群体的体力活动（PA）对特定身体素质表现的影响，以及（2）特定身体素质表现群体的 PA 对其的影响。通过双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估了 373 名西班牙青少年（182 名男性）的骨矿物质含量（BMC），通过加速度计评估了 PA。青少年分为活跃和非活跃（≥60 或 <60 分钟/天的中高强度 PA）。通过速度/敏捷性、力量和心肺功能测试来评估身体素质。青少年按三分位（T1、T2 和 T3）进行分类。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA），以性别、身高、瘦体重、钙摄入量和青春期状态为协变量进行分析。力量、速度/敏捷性和心肺功能（CRF）较差的青少年，其全身和四肢的 BMC 均低于这些测试中表现较好的青少年，主要是非活跃的青少年。非活跃的高身体素质青少年，其全身和上肢的 BMC 均高于活跃的青少年。研究结论包括：（1）在非活跃组中，较低的身体素质与较低的 BMC 相关，这可能是由于 PA 或 PA 对肌肉质量的影响。（2）在大多数身体素质测试中，非活跃但具有高身体素质的青少年，其 BMC 高于活跃的同龄人，尽管他们的 PA 水平较低。这些意外的结果可能受到多种因素的影响，如遗传、营养、运动类型、激素和骨骼年龄。
