Cornell D G, Wilson L A
Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.
J Clin Psychol. 1992 Mar;48(2):256-61. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199203)48:2<256::aid-jclp2270480219>3.0.co;2-4.
This study found that approximately 35% of 149 juveniles convicted of serious crimes obtained a statistically significant PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy of at least 12 IQ points. There were no significant differences in the incidence of the PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy between juveniles convicted of violent or nonviolent crimes. The PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy was found among both White and minority youth and among youth tested with either the WISC-R or the WAIS-R. IQ scores were correlated negatively with prior school problems, but not with measures of family dysfunction, prior criminal activity, or substance abuse. The PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy appears to be an important indication of intellectual deficit in many delinquent youth.
本研究发现，在149名被判犯有严重罪行的青少年中，约35%的人在智商测试中表现出显著的操作智商（PIQ）高于言语智商（VIQ），差异至少达12个智商点。被判犯有暴力或非暴力罪行的青少年中，PIQ高于VIQ差异的发生率无显著差异。在白人及少数族裔青少年中，以及在使用韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）或韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）进行测试的青少年中，均发现了PIQ高于VIQ的差异。智商得分与之前的学校问题呈负相关，但与家庭功能失调、之前的犯罪活动或药物滥用指标无关。PIQ高于VIQ的差异似乎是许多犯罪青少年智力缺陷的一个重要指标。
