Giglio Pierre, Undevia Nidhi, Spire Jean-Paul
Sleep Disorders Center, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Neurologist. 2005 Mar;11(2):90-7. doi: 10.1097/01.nrl.0000149970.67188.d6.
Primary parasomnias are undesirable motor or verbal phenomena which occur during sleep and result in abnormal arousals. They occur out of all sleep stages or during transitions between sleep and awake. Secondary parasomnias are sleep disturbances that are caused by disorders of other organ systems. This review addresses only primary parasomnias. Arousal disorders and the parasomnias associated with REM sleep are the primary parasomnias most likely to be seen in a neurology practice. Sleep-wake transition disorders are also discussed with nocturnal leg cramps, probably the most common in this group.
The salient clinical features of the primary parasomnias are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the differential diagnosis of the different conditions and the best management strategies. Parasomnias encountered in infancy, such as infant sleep apnea, are not discussed in this review.
Parasomnias are common disturbances of sleep that may significantly affect the patient's quality of life and that of the bed partner. Most parasomnias can be diagnosed with careful history taking and polysomnography, and management is usually safe and effective.
原发性睡眠障碍是指在睡眠期间出现的不良运动或言语现象，可导致异常觉醒。这些现象可出现在所有睡眠阶段或睡眠与清醒转换期间。继发性睡眠障碍是由其他器官系统疾病引起的睡眠紊乱。本综述仅涉及原发性睡眠障碍。觉醒障碍和与快速眼动睡眠相关的睡眠障碍是在神经科临床实践中最有可能见到的原发性睡眠障碍。睡眠-觉醒转换障碍以及夜间腿部痉挛（可能是该组中最常见的）也在本文中进行了讨论。
讨论了原发性睡眠障碍的显著临床特征。重点在于不同病症的鉴别诊断和最佳管理策略。本综述未讨论婴儿期出现的睡眠障碍，如婴儿睡眠呼吸暂停。
睡眠障碍是常见的睡眠紊乱，可显著影响患者及其床伴的生活质量。大多数睡眠障碍通过仔细询问病史和多导睡眠图检查即可诊断，且治疗通常安全有效。
