Hurt Hallam, Brodsky Nancy L, Roth Hallam, Malmud Elsa, Giannetta Joan M
Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005 Mar-Apr;27(2):203-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.10.006. Epub 2004 Nov 26.
To document school performance (pass/fail, grade point average, reading level, standardized test scores, absences) of cocaine-exposed and control children.
A total of 135 children (62 with gestational cocaine exposure and 73 without), who were enrolled at birth, followed prospectively and have completed the fourth grade, were evaluated using report card data, standardized test results, teacher and parent report, and natal and early childhood data. Successful grade progression was defined as completing grades 1 through 4 without being retained.
Cocaine-exposed (cocaine-exposed presented first) and control children were similar in school performance: successful grade progression (71% vs. 84%), Grade Point Average (2.4+/-0.8 vs. 2.6+/-0.7), reading below grade level (30% vs. 28%) and standardized test scores below average (reading [32% vs. 35%], math [57% vs. 44%], science [39% vs. 36%]); all p > or = 0.10. Children with successful progression, regardless of cocaine exposure, had higher Full Scale Intelligence Quotient and better home environments.
In this inner-city cohort, cocaine-exposed and control children had similar poor school performance. Better home environment and higher Intelligence Quotient conferred an advantage for successful grade progression, regardless of gestational cocaine exposure.
记录暴露于可卡因环境的儿童和对照组儿童的学业表现（及格/不及格、平均绩点、阅读水平、标准化考试成绩、缺勤情况）。
共有135名儿童（62名孕期暴露于可卡因环境，73名未暴露）参与研究，这些儿童自出生起就被纳入研究并进行前瞻性跟踪，现已完成四年级学业。研究人员使用成绩单数据、标准化考试结果、教师和家长报告以及出生和幼儿期数据对他们进行了评估。学业顺利进展的定义为顺利完成1至4年级且未留级。
暴露于可卡因环境的儿童（先呈现暴露于可卡因环境的情况）和对照组儿童在学业表现方面相似：学业顺利进展情况（71%对84%）、平均绩点（2.4±0.8对2.6±0.7）、阅读水平低于年级平均水平（30%对28%）以及标准化考试成绩低于平均水平（阅读[32%对35%]、数学[57%对44%]、科学[39%对36%]）；所有p值≥0.10。无论是否暴露于可卡因环境，学业顺利进展的儿童具有更高的全量表智商和更好的家庭环境。
在这个市中心城区队列中，暴露于可卡因环境的儿童和对照组儿童的学业表现同样较差。无论孕期是否暴露于可卡因环境，更好的家庭环境和更高的智商都为学业顺利进展带来优势。
