Keeler R F, Baker D C, Panter K E
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1992 Mar-Apr;11(2):11-7.
Verbesina encelioides administered to sheep by gavage induced clinical signs of toxicity and pathologic lesions identical to those induced by Galega officinalis. Sheep had compromised respiratory function with shallow, rapid respiration and frothy exudate from the nares. Affected animals necropsied at time of death presented with hydrothorax with as much as 2 to 3 L of straw-colored thoracic fluid with fibrin tags and congestion and edema of the lungs. The trachea and lung airways contained frothy material with fibrin strands. In some cases, subendocardial hemorrhage of the left ventricle was present. Galegine, a guanidine compound believed to be responsible for these effects, was found at an average concentration of about 0.46% in Galega and at 0.08% in the Verbesina collection that induced toxicosis. While G. officinalis is a known poisonous plant, its very limited distribution in the U.S. causes it to be of minor importance. V. encelioides, however, is widely distributed in the U.S. and presents a potential hazard for grazing livestock. Verbesina may have been responsible for past livestock deaths in the U.S., and thus should be classified as a poisonous plant.
通过灌胃给绵羊施用豚草叶斑鸠菊会引发中毒的临床症状以及与山羊豆引发的病变相同的病理损伤。绵羊呼吸功能受损，表现为呼吸浅快，鼻孔有泡沫状渗出物。在死亡时进行尸检的受影响动物出现胸腔积水，胸腔内有多达2至3升稻草色的胸水，伴有纤维蛋白条带，肺部有充血和水肿。气管和肺气道含有带有纤维蛋白丝的泡沫状物质。在某些情况下，左心室有心内膜下出血。胍丁胺，一种被认为是造成这些影响的胍类化合物，在山羊豆中的平均浓度约为0.46%，在引发中毒的豚草叶斑鸠菊样本中的浓度为0.08%。虽然山羊豆是一种已知的有毒植物，但它在美国的分布非常有限，因此重要性较小。然而，豚草叶斑鸠菊在美国分布广泛，对放牧的牲畜构成潜在危害。豚草叶斑鸠菊可能是美国过去牲畜死亡的原因，因此应被归类为有毒植物。
