Rasmussen K, Carstensen O, Pontén A, Gruvberger B, Isaksson M, Bruze M
Department of Occupational Medicine, Herning Hospital, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Apr;78(3):211-7. doi: 10.1007/s00420-004-0575-5. Epub 2005 Mar 1.
To identify workplace and individual risk factors for occupational contact allergy and dermatitis.
A cross-sectional study was carried out at an international company producing wind turbine systems in Denmark. A cohort of 724 production workers at four facilities was highly exposed to epoxy resin as well as other chemicals. A screening questionnaire (participation rate 84.7%) was followed by an interview by an occupational physician and a dermatological examination, including patch testing, for a comprehensive list of potential workplace sensitizers.
Clinically diagnosed dermatitis was found among 214 workers (35.8%) and contact allergy to materials used in the workplace was found in 66 workers (10.9% of the total population and 20.3% of those who underwent patch testing). Of the 66 workers with a work-related allergy, 40 (60.6%) were allergic to epoxy compounds, 25 (37.9%) to hardeners and ten (15.2%) to other workplace materials, where one person showed an allergy only to these materials. Experiencing contact allergy was related to older age and longer employment in the workplace-however, neither of these risk factors was significant. The main risk factor for current dermatitis was contact allergy to materials used in the workplace, determined by patch testing, OR=5.4 (95% CI 3.9-9.9). Fewer days of absence from work was also related to current dermatitis, OR=2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.5).
In a cohort of workers with extensive exposure to chemicals related to epoxy-resin systems, contact dermatitis and allergy was prevalent. Older age and longer duration of employment at the workplace were individual risk factors for allergy to workplace materials, whilst work-related allergies and longer duration of employment at the workplace were significant risk factors for current dermatitis.
确定职业性接触性过敏和皮炎的工作场所及个人风险因素。
在丹麦一家生产风力涡轮机系统的国际公司开展了一项横断面研究。四个工厂的724名生产工人队列高度暴露于环氧树脂以及其他化学品。先进行一份筛查问卷（参与率84.7%），随后由职业医师进行访谈，并进行皮肤科检查，包括斑贴试验，以检测一系列潜在的工作场所致敏原。
214名工人（35.8%）被临床诊断为皮炎，66名工人（占总人口的10.9%，接受斑贴试验者的20.3%）被发现对工作场所使用的材料有接触性过敏。在66名患有与工作相关过敏的工人中，40名（60.6%）对环氧化合物过敏，25名（37.9%）对硬化剂过敏，10名（15.2%）对其他工作场所材料过敏，其中一人仅对这些材料过敏。发生接触性过敏与年龄较大和在工作场所工作时间较长有关——然而，这些风险因素均不显著。当前皮炎的主要风险因素是通过斑贴试验确定的对工作场所使用材料的接触性过敏，比值比（OR）=5.4（95%置信区间[CI] 3.9 - 9.9）。缺勤天数较少也与当前皮炎有关，OR=2.0（95% CI 1.2 - 3.5）。
在大量接触与环氧树脂系统相关化学品的工人队列中，接触性皮炎和过敏很普遍。年龄较大和在工作场所工作时间较长是对工作场所材料过敏的个人风险因素，而与工作相关的过敏和在工作场所工作时间较长是当前皮炎的显著风险因素。
