Scholes R J, Biggs R
CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Nature. 2005 Mar 3;434(7029):45-9. doi: 10.1038/nature03289.
The nations of the world have set themselves a target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. Here, we propose a biodiversity intactness index (BII) for assessing progress towards this target that is simple and practical--but sensitive to important factors that influence biodiversity status--and which satisfies the criteria for policy relevance set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Application of the BII is demonstrated on a large region (4 x 10(6) km2) of southern Africa. The BII score in the year 2000 is about 84%: in other words, averaged across all plant and vertebrate species in the region, populations have declined to 84% of their presumed pre-modern levels. The taxonomic group with the greatest loss is mammals, at 71% of pre-modern levels, and the ecosystem type with the greatest loss is grassland, with 74% of its former populations remaining. During the 1990s, a population decline of 0.8% is estimated to have occurred.
世界各国为自己设定了到2010年降低生物多样性丧失率的目标。在此，我们提出一种生物多样性完整性指数（BII），用于评估在实现这一目标方面的进展。该指数简单实用，对影响生物多样性状况的重要因素敏感，并且符合《生物多样性公约》设定的政策相关性标准。我们在南部非洲的一个大区域（4×10⁶平方公里）展示了BII的应用。2000年的BII得分约为84%：也就是说，该区域所有植物和脊椎动物物种的种群数量平均已降至假定的现代之前水平的84%。丧失比例最大的分类群是哺乳动物，降至现代之前水平的71%，丧失比例最大的生态系统类型是草原，其原有种群数量仅剩下74%。据估计，在20世纪90年代，种群数量下降了0.8%。
