Kaku Yoshihiro
Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infections Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
Uirusu. 2004 Dec;54(2):237-42. doi: 10.2222/jsv.54.237.
Nipah virus (NiV), emerged in Peninsular Malaysia, caused an outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis in humans and respiratory diseases in pigs between 1998 and 1999. By May of 1999, the death of 105 humans and the culling of about 1.1 million pigs were reported. Fruitbats of Pteropid species were identified as the natural reservoir hosts. The epidemiological studies suggested that NiV was introduced into pig farms by fruitbats, and was than transmitted to humans (mainly pig farmers) and other animals such as dogs, cats and horses. In 2004, NiV reappeared in Bangladesh with greater lethality. In contrast to the Malaysia case, epidemiologic characteristics of this outbreak suggested the possibility of fruitbats-to-person, or person-to-person transmission. In this article, the epidemiological comparison between two outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh, and the new-trends of virological studies of NiV will be discussed.
尼帕病毒（NiV）于马来西亚半岛出现，在1998年至1999年间引发了人类严重发热性脑炎疫情以及猪的呼吸道疾病。截至1999年5月，报告有105人死亡，约110万头猪被扑杀。狐蝠科的果蝠被确定为自然宿主。流行病学研究表明，NiV由果蝠传入养猪场，随后传播给人类（主要是养猪农民）以及狗、猫和马等其他动物。2004年，NiV在孟加拉国再次出现，致死率更高。与马来西亚疫情不同，此次疫情的流行病学特征表明存在果蝠传人或人传人的可能性。本文将讨论马来西亚和孟加拉国两次疫情的流行病学比较以及NiV病毒学研究的新趋势。
